Abstract. After decades of stagnation, research on psychedelic substances (such as lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], psilocybin, or N,N-dimethyltryptamine [DMT]) has experienced a renaissance over the last 10 years, with various major research programs being conducted across Europe and the United States. This research primarily investigates the potential of psychedelics in the treatment of mental health disorders, their short- and long-term effects on recreational users, and the neurological and cognitive processes responsible for their effects. The present review provides a concise summary of the most recent insights gained from this research. We briefly outline the history of psychedelic research, the objective and subjective effects caused by these substances, the prevalence and socio-psychological correlates of their use, as well as their potential for harm. Subsequently, we review empirical research on the beneficial effects of psychedelics in clinical samples, focusing on their efficacy in the treatment of major depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders, and discuss research on the proposed neural and cognitive mechanisms behind these effects. We then review research on their effects on healthy subjects, focusing on psychological well-being as well as changes in personality, nature-relatedness, and creativity. Finally, we review empirical evidence regarding the long-term effects of single experiences with psychedelics and conclude with a summary and outlook.

中文翻译：

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对迷幻物质的临床和非临床影响的新见解

摘要。经过数十年的停滞，迷幻物质（如麦角酰二乙胺 [LSD]、裸盖菇素或 N,N-二甲基色胺 [DMT]）的研究在过去 10 年中经历了复兴，各种主要的研究计划正在欧洲进行和美国。这项研究主要调查迷幻药在治疗精神健康障碍方面的潜力、它们对娱乐用户的短期和长期影响，以及导致其影响的神经和认知过程。本综述简要总结了从这项研究中获得的最新见解。我们简要概述了迷幻研究的历史、这些物质造成的客观和主观影响、它们的使用的普遍性和社会心理相关性，以及它们的潜在危害。随后，我们回顾了关于迷幻药在临床样本中的有益作用的实证研究，重点关注它们在治疗重度抑郁症、焦虑症和物质使用障碍方面的功效，并讨论了对这些作用背后的拟议神经和认知机制的研究。然后，我们回顾了它们对健康受试者影响的研究，重点关注心理健康以及人格、自然相关性和创造力的变化。最后，我们回顾了关于迷幻剂单一体验的长期影响的经验证据，并以总结和展望作为结论。和物质使用障碍，并讨论对这些影响背后的拟议神经和认知机制的研究。然后，我们回顾了它们对健康受试者影响的研究，重点关注心理健康以及人格、自然相关性和创造力的变化。最后，我们回顾了关于迷幻剂单一体验的长期影响的经验证据，并以总结和展望作为结论。和物质使用障碍，并讨论对这些影响背后的拟议神经和认知机制的研究。然后，我们回顾了它们对健康受试者影响的研究，重点关注心理健康以及人格、自然相关性和创造力的变化。最后，我们回顾了关于迷幻剂单一体验的长期影响的经验证据，并以总结和展望作为结论。