Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most serious health and economic crises of the 21st century. From a psychological point of view, the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences can be conceptualized as a multidimensional and potentially toxic stressor for mental health in the general population. This selective literature review provides an overview of longitudinal studies published until June 2021 that have investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the European population. Risk and protective factors identified in the studies are summarized. Forty-two studies that met inclusion and search criteria ( COVID-19, mental health, longitudinal, and Europe) in PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases indicate differential effects of the pandemic on mental distress, depression, and anxiety, depending on samples and methods used. Age-specific (e.g., young age), social (e.g., female, ethnical minority, loneliness), as well as physical and mental health-related factors (e.g., pre-pandemic illness) were identified as risk factors for poor mental health. The studies point to several protective factors such as social support, higher cognitive ability, resilience, and self-efficacy. Increasing evidence supports the assumption of the pandemic being a multidimensional stressor on mental health, with some populations appearing more vulnerable than others, although inconsistencies arise. Whether the pandemic will lead to an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders is an open question. Further high-quality longitudinal and multi-national studies and meta-analyses are needed to draw the complete picture of the consequences of the pandemic on mental health.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 大流行期间的心理健康

摘要。COVID-19 大流行是 21 世纪最严重的健康和经济危机之一。从心理学的角度来看，COVID-19 大流行及其后果可以被概念化为普通人群心理健康的多维和潜在毒性压力源。这篇选择性文献综述概述了截至 2021 年 6 月发表的纵向研究，这些研究调查了 COVID-19 大流行对欧洲人口心理健康的影响。总结了研究中确定的风险和保护因素。在 PubMed、PsycInfo 和 Web of Science 数据库中符合纳入和搜索标准（COVID-19、心理健康、纵向和欧洲）的 42 项研究表明大流行对心理困扰、抑郁和焦虑的不同影响，取决于使用的样品和方法。特定年龄（例如，年轻）、社会（例如，女性、少数民族、孤独）以及身心健康相关因素（例如，大流行前疾病）被确定为心理健康状况不佳的危险因素。研究指出了几个保护因素，如社会支持、更高的认知能力、复原力和自我效能。越来越多的证据支持这一假设，即大流行是心理健康的多维压力源，尽管存在不一致之处，但一些人群似乎比其他人群更脆弱。大流行是否会导致精神障碍患病率的增加是一个悬而未决的问题。