A substantial number of studies have investigated the efficacy of incidental focus on form (FonF) measured through (successful) uptake rate in teacher-learner interactions in communicative contexts and have established a link between learners’ (successful) uptake of linguistic forms and their second language learning. In this line of research, the analysis of uptake and FonF characteristics mediating learners’ (successful) uptake has been limited to linguistic forms of grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and spelling (non-formulaic forms). However, formulaic sequences, including idioms, collocations, lexical bundles, and compounds (formulaic forms), have received scant attention in FonF research. This study examined incidental FonF characteristics that best predicted learners’ (successful) uptake of formulaic forms and compared the findings with the variables that mediate the (successful) uptake of non-formulaic forms targeted in focus-on-form episodes (FFEs). To this end, 30 hours of audio-recorded teacher-learner interactions in primarily communicative activities from English as a foreign language classes were examined. The findings showed that learners’ attention was drawn to non-formulaic forms more frequently than formulaic forms in FFEs. Nonetheless, learners produced (successful) uptake more often when formulaic forms were targeted in FFEs than non-formulaic forms. Logistic regression analyses showed that FonF characteristics that predicted learners’ production of (successful) uptake were different for formulaic vs. non-formulaic forms targeted in FFEs.

中文翻译：

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附带的专注于形式的特征：预测学习者的吸收。公式与非公式形式

大量研究调查了偶然关注形式（FonF）的功效，通过在交际环境中教师-学习者互动中的（成功）吸收率来衡量，并建立了学习者（成功）吸收语言形式和他们的第二语言形式之间的联系。语言学习。在这方面的研究中，对介导学习者（成功）吸收的吸收和 FonF 特征的分析仅限于语法、词汇、发音和拼写（非公式形式）的语言形式。然而，公式序列，包括成语、搭配、词汇束和复合词（公式形式），在 FonF 研究中很少受到关注。本研究检查了最能预测学习者（成功）采用公式形式的偶然 FonF 特征，并将研究结果与介导（成功）采用专注于形式事件 (FFE) 中的非公式形式的变量进行了比较。为此，在英语作为外语课程的主要交际活动中，对 30 小时的录音师生互动进行了检查。研究结果表明，在 FFE 中，学习者对非公式形式的注意力比公式形式更频繁。尽管如此，当 FFE 以公式形式为目标时，学习者产生（成功）吸收的频率高于非公式形式。Logistic 回归分析表明，预测学习者产生（成功）吸收的 FonF 特征对于公式化和非公式化是不同的。