Abstract

The distinctive feature of absolute poverty in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), as a region of the North and the Arctic, is its persistence over a long time (2003–2019). The growth of industrial production resulting from the extensive development of natural resources does not affect the income of Yakutia’s population. Using a database containing measurements of social well-being and living standards in 1990–2019, linear regression models of poverty in Russia and Yakutia were built. Based on quantitative and comparative analyses, endogenous poverty factors were identified in Yakutia. These are high cost of living and demographic patterns: high birth rate and dependency ratio and a significant share of the rural population. Ineffective social policy, when a large proportion of social support is provided to people who do not need it, also contributes to the sustainability of poverty. Both the federal government and the government of Yakutia have sufficient resources to solve the problem of absolute poverty. This requires a new social model, a more equitable redistribution of income, and the alleviation of inequality not only among social groups, but also from a regional perspective.

摘要

作为北部和北极地区的萨哈共和国（雅库特）绝对贫困的显着特征是其长期存在（2003-2019）。自然资源的广泛开发导致工业生产的增长不会影响雅库特人的收入。使用包含 1990-2019 年社会福祉和生活水平测量值的数据库，建立了俄罗斯和雅库特贫困的线性回归模型。根据定量和比较分析，确定了雅库特的内生贫困因素。这些是高生活成本和人口模式：高出生率和抚养比以及农村人口的很大一部分。无效的社会政策，当大部分社会支持提供给不需要的人时，也有助于贫困的可持续性。联邦政府和雅库特政府都有足够的资源来解决绝对贫困问题。这需要一种新的社会模式，更公平的收入再分配，以及不仅在社会群体之间而且从区域角度来缓解不平等。