In recent years, major commercial publishers have strengthened their presence in both the subscription journal market and the open access journal market. Examining 447 journals from Elsevier and 550 from Springer Nature, this study investigates three strategies for enlarging the number of gold open access journals: the launch of new journals, mergers with other publishers, and partnerships with research institutes. The results reveal that these publishers adopted different strategies for expanding their journal portfolios. While Springer Nature relied significantly on merging with established publishers, Elsevier recently launched many new journals independently. Approximately 60 per cent of Springer Nature journals and 45 per cent of Elsevier journals are published on behalf of research institutes. Therefore, collaboration with research institutes has contributed to the increasing number of journal titles. As major publishers expand their open access businesses, it is necessary to monitor their activities from a policy perspective of pro-competition.

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增加开放获取期刊数量的策略：Elsevier 和 Springer Nature 的案例

近年来，主要商业出版商加强了在订阅期刊市场和开放获取期刊市场的影响力。本研究检查了 Elsevier 的 447 种期刊和 Springer Nature 的 550 种期刊，调查了增加黄金开放获取期刊数量的三种策略：推出新期刊、与其他出版商合并以及与研究机构合作。结果表明，这些出版商采用了不同的策略来扩展其期刊组合。虽然 Springer Nature 非常依赖与老牌出版商的合并，但 Elsevier 最近独立推出了许多新期刊。大约 60% 的 Springer Nature 期刊和 45% 的 Elsevier 期刊是代表研究机构出版的。所以，与研究机构的合作促成了期刊名称数量的增加。随着主要出版商扩展其开放获取业务，有必要从支持竞争的政策角度监控他们的活动。