Confronted with new global competitive environment, rising R&D costs, growing integration of different technologies, shorter life cycles, and increased pace of innovation, high-tech companies increasingly collaborate with external partners. Innovation networks became unconditional driver of technological dynamics and growth of high-tech industries. The article aims to explore the role of proximity in innovation networks formation in the two high-tech industries – biotechnology and aviation. Both industries are characterized by different stages of technological maturity, different product life-cycles and development periods, yet both equally depend on highly specialized human capital and collaborative innovation. The article addresses the following research questions: What is the role of proximity – geographical, cognitive, institutional, organizational, social and cultural – in facilitating innovation networks formation in the above mentioned high-tech industries? What type of proximities and the related network externalities assist these industries along their life-cycles? What is the relationship between technology dynamics and innovation networks formation?

面对新的全球竞争环境、研发成本的上升、不同技术的日益融合、生命周期的缩短以及创新步伐的加快，高科技公司越来越多地与外部合作伙伴合作。创新网络成为技术动态和高科技产业增长的无条件驱动力。本文旨在探讨邻近性在生物技术和航空这两个高科技行业的创新网络形成中的作用。这两个行业都具有不同的技术成熟阶段、不同的产品生命周期和开发周期，但都同样依赖于高度专业化的人力资本和协同创新。这篇文章解决了以下研究问题：邻近性的作用是什么——地理、认知、制度、组织、社会和文化——促进上述高科技产业创新网络的形成？什么类型的邻近性和相关的网络外部性在这些行业的整个生命周期中提供帮助？技术动态与创新网络形成之间的关系是什么？