How should a cluster be designed to foster the innovativeness of its members? In this article, we view self-aware and organised clusters as “meta-organisations” which can deliberately shape their internal structures through design-based interventions. To formulate interventions for cluster design fostering its innovativeness, we adopt a methodology combining a systematic literature review and a design-oriented synthesis. We distinguish between six cluster business model elements: actors and their roles, resources and capabilities, value flows, governance, value propositions and value-creating activities. To gain insight into the properties of these elements conducive to cluster innovativeness, we review literature at the intersection of cluster, meta-organisation, business model and innovation studies. Our study allows to consolidate the extant research into “organised” clustering and the drivers of the cluster actors’ innovativeness. It also helps identify several important unanswered questions in the literature and to suggest potentially fruitful directions for further work.

集群应如何设计以培养其成员的创新能力？在本文中，我们将具有自我意识和有组织的集群视为“元组织”，它们可以通过基于设计的干预措施有意塑造其内部结构。为了制定集群设计的干预措施以促进其创新，我们采用了一种结合系统文献综述和面向设计的综合的方法。我们区分了六个集群业务模型元素：参与者及其角色、资源和能力、价值流、治理、价值主张和价值创造活动。为了深入了解这些有助于集群创新的要素的属性，我们回顾了集群、元组织、商业模式和创新研究交叉领域的文献。我们的研究可以巩固对“有组织的”集群和集群参与者创新驱动因素的现有研究。它还有助于确定文献中几个重要的未解决问题，并为进一步的工作提出可能富有成果的方向。