The use of chemical dispersants is one of the most widely used methods for responding to oil spills. The most important characteristic of dispersants is their effectiveness. The dispersant effectiveness is a measure of how well the dispersant breaks up and stabilizes the oil into the water column. In this paper, we studied the dispersing ability of three proprietary dispersants with respect to light and heavy crude oils of Usinsk and Nagornoye fields with a density of 0.816 g/cm3 and 0.896 g/cm3, respectively. The dispersant effectiveness was determined using a Baffled Flask Test; dispersant was applied to the oil slick, mixed, and the concentration of oil in a sample taken from the water column was measured using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. A modification of the standard technique is proposed to minimize the error of the method for the heavy crude oil by eliminating the error associated with inaccuracy of dosing. For this purpose, oil of the Nagornoye field was added to the tested systems not “by volume”, but “by weight”. It was provided better convergence of the experimental results. The standard deviation in the case of dosing of oil “by volume” exceeded 10% and varied from 11.87% to 13.59%. The introduction of oil “by weight” was much lower and varied from 5.66% to 6.30%. Studied dispersants have a higher dispersing ability for the less dense oil of the Usinsk field.

中文翻译：

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使用带挡板的烧瓶测试评估分散剂的有效性

使用化学分散剂是应对石油泄漏最广泛使用的方法之一。分散剂最重要的特性是它们的有效性。分散剂的有效性是衡量分散剂分解和稳定油进入水柱的程度。在本文中，我们研究了三种专有分散剂对密度分别为 0.816 g/cm3 和 0.896 g/cm3 的 Usinsk 和 Nagornoye 油田的轻质和重质原油的分散能力。使用 Baffled Flask Test 测定分散剂的有效性；将分散剂应用于浮油，混合，并使用紫外-可见分光光度法测量取自水柱的样品中的油浓度。建议对标准技术进行修改，以通过消除与计量不准确相关的误差来最小化重质原油方法的误差。为此目的，将 Nagornoye 油田的油添加到测试系统中，不是“按体积”，而是“按重量”。它提供了更好的实验结果收敛性。“按体积”计量油的标准偏差超过 10%，从 11.87% 到 13.59% 不等。“按重量”引入的油要低得多，从 5.66% 到 6.30% 不等。所研究的分散剂对Usinsk油田密度较低的油具有更高的分散能力。它提供了更好的实验结果收敛性。“按体积”计量油的标准偏差超过 10%，从 11.87% 到 13.59% 不等。“按重量”引入的油要低得多，从 5.66% 到 6.30% 不等。所研究的分散剂对Usinsk油田密度较低的油具有更高的分散能力。它提供了更好的实验结果收敛性。“按体积”计量油的标准偏差超过 10%，从 11.87% 到 13.59% 不等。“按重量”引入的油要低得多，从 5.66% 到 6.30% 不等。所研究的分散剂对Usinsk油田密度较低的油具有更高的分散能力。