Summary Geoscientific and engineering experiments in petrophysics, rock physics, and rock mechanics depend on multiple, costly, and sometimes rare samples used to characterize the properties of natural rocks. Testing these samples helps in modeling various hydrocarbon recovery and stimulation scenarios, as well as understanding the fluid-rock interactions in the subsurface under various pressure and temperature conditions. Over the last decade, 3D printing has matured to become a more commonly available tool to enable repeatable experiments with controllable materials and pore system geometries to investigate petrophysical, geomechanical, and geophysical properties of porous rocks. This review introduces the development, characteristics, and capabilities of 3D printing technology that are specifically used in research. Applications in the realm of petrophysics highlight the issues of replicating the pore network geometry and subsurface physics, aiming at understanding fluid flow in porous media problems. Using 3D-printed models in rock mechanics experiments focuses on generating comparable geomechanical properties and reproducing fractures, joint surfaces, and other rock structures, whereas in rock physics, geophysical forward modeling is highlighted to take advantage of 3D printing technology. By summarizing the recent advances in 3D printing as applied to petrophysics, rock physics, and rock mechanics, this review paper presents the current state of the art and the challenges in scale, cost, time, and materials, as well as the directions for advancing this frontier discipline to answer various fundamental questions regarding porous media research using 3D printing technology.

中文翻译：

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用于岩石物理学、岩石物理学和岩石力学实验的 3D 打印：综述

总结 岩石物理学、岩石物理学和岩石力学中的地球科学和工程实验依赖于用于表征天然岩石特性的多个、昂贵且有时是稀有的样本。测试这些样本有助于模拟各种碳氢化合物采收和增产情景，以及了解在各种压力和温度条件下地下流体与岩石的相互作用。在过去十年中，3D 打印已经成熟，成为一种更常用的工具，可以使用可控材料和孔隙系统几何形状进行可重复的实验，以研究多孔岩石的岩石物理、地质力学和地球物理特性。这篇综述介绍了专门用于研究的 3D 打印技术的发展、特点和能力。在岩石物理学领域的应用突出了复制孔隙网络几何和地下物理学的问题，旨在了解多孔介质问题中的流体流动。在岩石力学实验中使用 3D 打印模型的重点是生成可比较的地质力学特性并再现裂缝、节理表面和其他岩石结构，而在岩石物理学中，则强调地球物理正演建模以利用 3D 打印技术。通过总结应用于岩石物理学、岩石物理学和岩石力学的 3D 打印的最新进展，这篇评论论文介绍了当前的技术水平以及在规模、成本、时间和材料方面的挑战，