AbstractThe big waves of change in state ownership in the 20th-century Europe moved in the same direction ‒ either nationalization or privatization. Yet this homogeneity has fallen apart in the last decade: globally and within several countries, the two directions have changed quickly or even have been appearing in parallel. So, it is worth returning to the question: what is the reason for these reversals? Are there any cycles in the extension and contraction of public ownership? Most studies in this field analyse nationalizations and privatizations separately. They examine closely the aims and motivations, but remarkably few focuses on the causes of changes in direction. Based on the lessons of these latter analyses, this paper attempts to interpret the expansion and contraction of public property within an integrated framework, identifying the emergency situations as key factors of fluctuation. The central role of crises in ownership changes is not fundamentally new in the literature. The novelty of the recent approach is the attempt to unfold the mechanism of their impact, including also the explanation why the previously uniform direction of big waves has been broken up after 2008. We argue that the main reason behind the parallel occurrence of large-scale nationalizations and privatizations in this period is the eclipse of a dominant economic-policy (and theoretical) paradigm, rendering the previously firm background of ownership waves uncertain.

中文翻译：

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国家所有制的动力：危机的决定性作用

摘要 20 世纪欧洲国家所有制变革的巨浪朝着同一个方向发展——要么国有化，要么私有化。然而，这种同质性在过去十年中已经瓦解：在全球范围内和几个国家内，这两个方向发生了迅速变化，甚至并行出现。所以，值得回到这个问题：这些逆转的原因是什么？公有制的扩张和收缩是否存在循环？该领域的大多数研究分别分析国有化和私有化。他们仔细研究了目标和动机，但很少有人关注方向变化的原因。基于后一种分析的经验教训，本文试图在一个综合框架内解释公共财产的膨胀和收缩，将紧急情况确定为波动的关键因素。危机在所有权变化中的核心作用在文献中并不是全新的。最近方法的新颖之处在于试图揭示它们的影响机制，还包括解释为什么在 2008 年之后，大浪的方向一致被打破。我们认为，大尺度平行发生背后的主要原因是这一时期的国有化和私有化是占主导地位的经济政策（和理论）范式的黯然失色，使以前牢固的所有权浪潮背景变得不确定。