Markets for consumer financial services are growing rapidly in low- and middle-income countries and are being transformed by digital technologies and platforms. With growth and change come concerns about protecting consumers from firm exploitation due to imperfect information and contracting as well as from their own decision-making limitations. We seek to bridge regulator and academic perspectives on these underlying sources of harm and five potential problems that can result: high and hidden prices, overindebtedness, postcontract exploitation, fraud, and discrimination. These potential problems span product markets old and new and could impact micro- and macroeconomies alike. Yet there is little consensus on how to define, diagnose, or treat such problems. Evidence-based consumer financial protection will require substantial advances in theory and especially empirics, and we outline key areas for future research.

中文翻译：

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中低收入国家金融包容性的消费者保护：衔接监管机构和学术观点

中低收入国家的消费金融服务市场正在迅速增长，并正在被数字技术和平台所改变。随着增长和变化，人们开始担心保护消费者免受由于信息和合同不完善以及他们自己的决策限制而导致的公司剥削。我们寻求就这些潜在的伤害来源和可能导致的五个潜在问题弥合监管机构和学术界的观点：高昂和隐藏的价格、过度负债、合同后剥削、欺诈和歧视。这些潜在问题跨越新旧产品市场，并可能影响微观和宏观经济。然而，关于如何定义、诊断或治疗这些问题几乎没有共识。