This paper addresses the boundaries on restrictions of human rights imposed by the proportionality principle, examines the elements of the structure of this principle, and attempts to present the meaning of its elements consistently in terms of the potential for the protection of fundamental rights that are subject to restrictions. The main criticisms of some proportionality tests are considered, as well as ways to minimize the risks associated with the use of proportionality. These theoretical considerations are placed in the context of the jurisprudence of the Russian Constitutional Court, to demonstrate that the Court, instead of consistently applying proportionality tests, often draws generalized conclusions regarding the proportionality (or disproportionality) of restrictions and therefore tends to heighten some of the risks of applying the principle. One can observe some positive changes in the application of the principle, and in further requests for this. Conclusions are formulated concerning the improvement of the Court’s activities in terms of a more consistent and structured implementation of the principle of proportionality.

本文阐述了比例原则对人权限制的界限，研究了该原则结构的要素，并试图从保护受制于的基本权利的潜力的角度，始终如一地呈现其要素的含义。到限制。考虑了对某些比例性测试的主要批评，以及将与使用比例性相关的风险降至最低的方法。这些理论考虑置于俄罗斯宪法法院判例的背景下，以证明该法院没有一贯适用相称性测试，通常就限制的相称性（或不相称性）得出一般性结论，因此往往会增加应用该原则的一些风险。人们可以观察到该原则的应用以及对此的进一步要求方面的一些积极变化。就更一致和更有条理地实施相称原则方面改进法院的活动提出了结论。