Summary

Between 1163 and 1240 urban privileges in the county of Flanders often lack the formal characteristics typical of medieval charters. They consist solely of a list of legal articles preceded by a general heading. In Flanders, such formless law texts are traditionally known as ‘keuren’. The most famous of these documents is the so-called ‘Grote Keure’ by which Count Philip of Alsace imposed a uniform criminal law on the major towns in his realm between 1165 and 1175. In this paper, I argue that these formless law texts are dynamic legal documents that could be updated whenever this was necessary: obsolete clauses were omitted, other passages were modified and new articles were added as time went by. At first, these changes were made to the Latin texts of the ‘keuren’. In a second stage they were translated into the vernacular and these French or Dutch versions then became the basis for further changes.

中文翻译：

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中世纪佛兰德斯的城市特权 ('keuren')：宪章还是动态法律文件？：一种基于外交和务实素养的方法

概括

1163 年至 1240 年间，佛兰德斯郡的城市特权通常缺乏中世纪宪章典型的正式特征。它们仅由一个总标题前面的法律条款列表组成。在法兰德斯，这种无形的法律文本传统上被称为“keuren”。这些文件中最著名的是所谓的“Grote Keure”，阿尔萨斯的菲利普伯爵在 1165 年至 1175 年间在他的领地内对主要城镇实施了统一的刑法。在本文中，我认为这些无形式的法律文本是必要时可以更新的动态法律文件：删除过时的条款，修改其他段落并随着时间的推移添加新条款。起初，这些更改是针对“keuren”的拉丁文本进行的。