Pallet pooling is regarded as a sustainable and cost-effective measure for the industry, but challenging to advocate due to weak data and pallet authentication.In order to establish trust between end-users and pallet pooling services, we propose an end-to-end, bidirectional authentication system for transmitted data and pallets based on blockchain and Internet-of-things (IoT) technologies. In addition, secure data authentication fosters the pallet authenticity in the whole supply chain network, which is achieved by considering the tag, location, and object-specific features. To evaluate the object-specific features, the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) approach is adopted to match key-points and descriptors between two pallet images. According to the case study, it is found that the proposed system provides a low bandwidth blocking rate and a high probability of restoring complete data payloads. Consequently, positive influences on end-user satisfaction, quality of service, operational errors, and pallet traceability are achieved through the deployment of the proposed system.

中文翻译：

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通过区块链物联网 (BIoT) 实现托盘池管理的端到端双向认证系统

托盘池化被认为是行业可持续且具有成本效益的措施，但由于数据和托盘认证薄弱，难以提倡。为了在最终用户和托盘池服务之间建立信任，我们提出端到端, 基于区块链和物联网 (IoT) 技术的传输数据和托盘的双向认证系统。此外，安全数据认证促进了整个供应链网络中的托盘真实性，这是通过考虑标签、位置和特定对象的特征来实现的。为了评估特定对象的特征，采用尺度不变特征变换 (SIFT) 方法来匹配两个托盘图像之间的关键点和描述符。根据案例研究，发现所提出的系统提供了低带宽阻塞率和恢复完整数据有效载荷的高概率。因此，通过部署所提议的系统，可以对最终用户满意度、服务质量、操作错误和托盘可追溯性产生积极影响。