AbstractThis article deals with the Reaction Object Construction (ROC), as in She smiled disbelief, wherean intransitive verb (smile), by adding an emotional object (disbelief), acquires the extendedsense “express X by V−ing” (i.e. “She expressed disbelief by smiling”). Earlier research has suggested a diachronic connectionbetween the ROC and Direct Discourse Constructions (DDCs) of the type She smiled, “I don’t believe you” (Visser 1963–1973). More recently, Bouso (2018)has shown that the ROC is primarily a feature of 19th century narrative fiction. This paper aims to bring together these insights.On the basis of a self-compiled corpus and De Smet’s Corpus of English Novels, it investigates the productivityof the ROC in 19th and 20th century fiction, and the role of DDCs in its development. The results reveal a peak in theproductivity of the ROC that coincides with the development of the sentimental novel, and a correlation between the development ofthe ROC on the one hand and of those DDCs that have been mistakenly hypothesised to be its single source constructions on theother. Extravagance is proposed as a triggering factor for the use of the ROC in the 19th century as an alternative to DDCs.

中文翻译：

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反应物体建造史的又一转机

摘要本文讨论的是反应宾语构式（ROC），如在她微笑的怀疑中，不及物动词（微笑）通过添加一个情感对象（怀疑），获得扩展意义“用V-ing表达X”（即“她表达了微笑不相信”）。早期的研究表明 ROC 和直接话语结构 (DDC) 之间存在历时联系，她微笑着说：“我不相信你”（Visser 1963-1973）。最近，Bouso (2018) 表明中华民国主要是 19 世纪叙事小说的一个特征。本文旨在汇集这些见解。在自编语料库和德斯梅特的英语小说语料库的基础上，考察了中华民国在19世纪和20世纪小说中的生产力，以及DDC在其发展中的作用。结果揭示了中华民国的生产力高峰与情感小说的发展相吻合，另一方面，中华民国的发展与那些被错误地假设为单一来源构造的 DDC 之间存在相关性。奢侈被提议作为 19 世纪使用 ROC 作为 DDC 的替代品的触发因素。