In popular and professional discourse, debate about the right to keep and bear arms most often revolves around the Second Amendment. But that narrow reference ignores a vast and expansive nonconstitutional legal regime privileging guns and their owners. This collection of nonconstitutional gun rights confers broad powers and immunities on gun owners that go far beyond those required by the Constitution, like rights to bring guns on private property against an owner’s wishes and to carry a concealed firearm in public with no training or background check. This Article catalogues this set of expansive laws and critically assesses them. Unlike the formal constitutional guarantee, this broad collection is not solely libertarian, concerned only with guaranteeing noninterference with a negative right. Instead, it is also aggressively interventionist, countermanding contrary policy judgments by employers, universities, property owners, and local government officials, conferring robust rights and privileges, and shifting the distribution of violence in society.This Article underscores the rhetorical and legal connection between this gun-rights expansionism and the formal Second Amendment guarantee. These laws do not derive from a judicial interpretation of the scope of the Constitution, but they are expressed and advocated for in constitutional terms. The Article also highlights how broad gun rights can create unique harm to the body politic and to marginalized groups by fostering fear and mistrust and empowering sometimes-problematic private actors to proactively police their own communities. Finally, the Article shows how gun-rights expansionism influences constitutional doctrine in the context of the Second Amendment, as well as of the First, Fourth, and Fourteenth Amendments.

中文翻译：

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通过法规保障枪支权利：在宪法之外持有和携带武器的权利

在流行和专业的话语中，关于持有和携带武器的权利的辩论最经常围绕第二修正案展开。但这种狭隘的参考忽略了一个广泛而广泛的非宪法法律制度，该制度赋予枪支及其所有者特权。这套违宪枪支权利赋予枪支拥有者广泛的权力和豁免权，远远超出宪法的要求，例如违背拥有者意愿将枪支带入私人财产的权利，以及在未经培训或背景调查的情况下在公共场合携带隐藏枪支的权利. 本文对这组广泛的法律进行了分类并对其进行了批判性评估。与正式的宪法保障不同，这个广泛的集合不仅仅是自由主义者，只关心保证不干涉消极权利。相反，它也是激进的干预主义者，反对雇主、大学、业主和地方政府官员的相反政策判断，赋予强大的权利和特权，并改变社会暴力的分布。本文强调了这种枪支权利扩张主义与正式的第二修改保证。这些法律并非源自对宪法范围的司法解释，而是以宪法术语表达和倡导的。文章还强调了广泛的枪支权利如何通过助长恐惧和不信任以及授权有时有问题的私人行为者主动监管自己的社区来对政治体和边缘化群体造成独特的伤害。最后，