Most studies have concentrated in assessing students’ overall attitudes towards science, mathematics, and engineering/technology or the attitude towards individual STEM domain. The present research aims to explore primary students’ gender and grade differences of their STEM domain-specific attitudes including self-efficacy and expectancy-value beliefs, as well as their correlations. The results showed no detected significant effects among these different STEM domains in the overall attitudes, the overall self-efficacy beliefs, and the overall expectancy-value beliefs for primary students. The correlations between self-efficacy and expectancy-value were much stronger for the science domain and engineering/technology domain than the mathematics domain. No gender difference of the self-efficacy beliefs was detected except in the mathematics domain, and the result that lower primary students performed significantly better than upper primary students in the self-efficacy was also mainly contributed by the grade difference in the mathematics domain. Whereas no different expectancy-value beliefs existed across genders and grade levels in various STEM domains. The present results reported some unique performances by the primary school students compared to the elder group.Keywords: expectancy-value, gender differences, grade levels, self-efficacy, STEM attitudes

中文翻译：

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小学生STEM领域自我效能信念和期望价值信念表现

大多数研究都集中在评估学生对科学、数学和工程/技术的整体态度或对个别 STEM 领域的态度。本研究旨在探讨小学生在 STEM 领域特定态度（包括自我效能感和期望值信念）的性别和年级差异及其相关性。结果表明，在这些不同的 STEM 领域中，在小学生的整体态度、整体自我效能信念和整体期望值信念方面没有检测到显着影响。与数学领域相比，科学领域和工程/技术领域的自我效能感和期望值之间的相关性要强得多。除数学领域外，未检测到自我效能信念的性别差异，低年级学生的自我效能感显着优于高年级学生的结果也主要是由于数学领域的年级差异。而不同 STEM 领域的性别和年级水平不存在不同的期望值信念。目前的结果报告了小学生与老年人相比的一些独特表现。关键词：期望值，性别差异，年级水平，自我效能感，STEM态度