The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of bank life cycle or bank maturity on income diversification (ID) and stability. In addition, this research investigates the ID relationship with bank stability. Drawing on the dynamic resource-based view and modern portfolio theory, this research examines the influence of a paramount internal factor i.e. bank life cycle or bank maturity on income diversification (ID) and stability consequence. Data were collected from the Pakistani’s commercial banks’ financial statements over the period 2005 to 2019. This research relied on the fixed effect and generalized method of moments (GMM) model to empirically test the proposed relationships. Core findings of the research reveal that bank maturity leads to enhanced ID and ID strongly influences the bank stability consequence, moreover, research findings are robust to use different measures of bank stability and GMM estimation techniques. To the authors’ best knowledge, this research is the first to report specific evidence about bank maturity as an internal driver of income diversification and stability and advances the literature seeking to understand the determinants of ID. This research also shows managers to recognize the importance of internal drivers to diversify effectively into non-interest income, and how such an effective ID translates into stability consequence.

中文翻译：

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银行期限、收入多元化和银行稳定性

本研究的目的是检验银行生命周期或银行期限对收入多元化（ID）和稳定性的影响。此外，本研究调查了 ID 与银行稳定性的关系。借鉴动态资源基础观点和现代投资组合理论，本研究考察了银行生命周期或银行期限对收入多元化（ID）和稳定性后果的最重要内部因素的影响。数据来自巴基斯坦商业银行 2005 年至 2019 年期间的财务报表。本研究依靠固定效应和广义矩量法 (GMM) 模型对所提出的关系进行实证检验。研究的核心发现表明，银行到期导致 ID 增强，ID 强烈影响银行稳定性结果，此外，研究结果对于使用不同的银行稳定性度量和 GMM 估计技术是稳健的。据作者所知，这项研究首次报告了关于银行成熟度作为收入多样化和稳定性的内部驱动因素的具体证据，并推进了试图了解 ID 决定因素的文献。这项研究还表明，管理人员认识到内部驱动因素对于有效实现非利息收入多元化的重要性，以及这种有效的 ID 如何转化为稳定性结果。这项研究首次报告了关于银行成熟度作为收入多样化和稳定性的内部驱动因素的具体证据，并推进了试图了解 ID 决定因素的文献。这项研究还表明，管理人员认识到内部驱动因素对于有效实现非利息收入多元化的重要性，以及这种有效的 ID 如何转化为稳定性结果。这项研究首次报告了关于银行成熟度作为收入多样化和稳定性的内部驱动因素的具体证据，并推进了试图了解 ID 决定因素的文献。这项研究还表明，管理人员认识到内部驱动因素对于有效实现非利息收入多元化的重要性，以及这种有效的 ID 如何转化为稳定性结果。