Even though effects of emotion and motivation on cognition are well documented, the interaction of all three factors is rarely investigated. Here, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to examine the effects of self-determined choice—as an experimental manipulation of intrinsic motivation - and emotional stimulus content on task preparation and engagement in a temporal production task. Behavioral results indicated a modulation of time processing depending on choice and emotional content. Underlying EEG signals revealed differential modulations by choice on the contingent negative variation (CNV) during task and response preparation and by emotional content on the late positive potential (LPP) in response to the onset of an emotional picture during temporal production. Also, we obtained preliminary evidence for interaction effects of choice and emotional content on the LPP. The feedback-related negativity (FRN) in response to information regarding temporal production success was also affected by interactions of choice and emotional content. These findings indicate that besides separate effects of motivation and emotion, there may be time windows during task engagement in which both factors jointly affect cognitive processing. These results are interpreted as dynamic modulations of attentional resource allocation.

中文翻译：

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自我决定选择和情绪唤醒对时间估计的神经认知影响

尽管情绪和动机对认知的影响已有充分记录，但这三个因素的相互作用却很少被研究。在这里，我们使用脑电图（EEG）来检查自主选择（作为内在动机的实验操作）以及情绪刺激内容对任务准备和参与时间生产任务的影响。行为结果表明，时间处理的调节取决于选择和情感内容。潜在的脑电图信号揭示了通过在任务和反应准备期间对偶然的负变化（CNV）的选择以及在时间产生期间响应于情绪图像的出现而对晚期正电位（LPP）的情绪内容进行的差异调制。此外，我们还获得了选择和情感内容对 LPP 的交互影响的初步证据。对有关时间生产成功的信息的反馈相关消极性（FRN）也受到选择和情感内容相互作用的影响。这些发现表明，除了动机和情绪的单独影响之外，在任务参与过程中可能存在两个因素共同影响认知处理的时间窗口。这些结果被解释为注意力资源分配的动态调制。