Natural hazards resulting from climate change are increasing in frequency and intensity. As this is not a linear trend but rather by singularities and anomalies including a broad spectrum of climatic and weather extremes with high temporal and spatial uncertainty, focused avoidance strategies are difficult to prepare. However, the effects of climate change are mostly addressed with outdated ‘business as usual’ approaches by governments and most stakeholders, which are unfit to tackle the complexity of current challenges. Coping action for natural hazards is mostly undertaken during and after such events compensating damage through payments and restoration. In the future, pro-active nature-based solutions are needed for risk mitigation and avoiding severe damage through enhancing all facets of biodiversity from species richness, structural roughness, to spatial heterogeneity of ecosystems. This will not avoid extreme weather events, but it will reduce the damage of increasingly appearing natural hazards. However, this strategy cannot be implemented all of a sudden. Long-term and spatial concepts are needed. For this purpose, currently missing governance structures based on geographical, geoscientific, ecological, meteorological, and societal expertise should be installed. In recent years, a good scientific and knowledge basis for the required solutions has been developed, which now must translate into action. Here, a series of suggestions is compiled for a broad spectrum of extreme events and societal fields, which is far from being complete but should stimulate critically needed creativity and commitment. Nature-based solutions will not deliver a complete protection and cannot be the only kind of action, but we can no longer rely on post-disaster compensation or on the safety illusion of mere engineering and construction works. The efficiency of biodiversity as an insurance for maintaining ecosystem services is well understood. The implementation of nature-based adaptation, coping, and protection measures is less expensive than traditional end-of-the-pipe constructions. It requires an in-depth understanding of interacting processes and trans-disciplinary cooperation based on a broad acceptance in the public. Investments into these solutions would pay off, not tomorrow, but in the future. It is the best sustainable and feasible approach for disaster prevention.

中文翻译：

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面对极端气候，必须实现基于自然的解决方案——不仅仅是宣布——

气候变化引起的自然灾害的频率和强度正在增加。由于这不是线性趋势，而是由奇点和异常引起的，包括具有高度时间和空间不确定性的广泛的气候和极端天气，因此很难制定有针对性的避免策略。然而，政府和大多数利益相关者大多采用过时的“一切照旧”方法来应对气候变化的影响，这些方法不适合应对当前挑战的复杂性。应对自然灾害的行动主要在此类事件期间和之后采取，通过付款和恢复来补偿损失。未来，需要积极主动的基于自然的解决方案，通过从物种丰富度中增强生物多样性的各个方面来缓解风险和避免严重损害，结构粗糙度，生态系统的空间异质性。这不会避免极端天气事件，但会减少日益出现的自然灾害造成的破坏。但是，这个策略不能一下子实施。需要长期和空间概念。为此，应安装目前缺少的基于地理、地球科学、生态、气象和社会专业知识的治理结构。近年来，为所需解决方案建立了良好的科学和知识基础，现在必须转化为行动。在这里，针对广泛的极端事件和社会领域编制了一系列建议，这些建议远非完整，但应该能够激发急需的创造力和承诺。基于自然的解决方案不会提供完整的保护，也不能是唯一的行动，但我们不能再依赖灾后补偿或单纯的工程和建筑工程的安全假象。生物多样性作为维持生态系统服务的保险的效率是众所周知的。实施基于自然的适应、应对和保护措施比传统的末端结构更便宜。它需要在公众广泛接受的基础上，深入理解互动过程和跨学科合作。对这些解决方案的投资将在明天而不是在未来获得回报。是最可持续、最可行的防灾方式。但我们不能再依赖灾后补偿或单纯的工程和建筑工程的安全幻想。生物多样性作为维持生态系统服务的保险的效率是众所周知的。实施基于自然的适应、应对和保护措施比传统的末端结构更便宜。它需要在公众广泛接受的基础上，深入理解互动过程和跨学科合作。对这些解决方案的投资将在明天而不是在未来获得回报。是最可持续、最可行的防灾方式。但我们不能再依赖灾后补偿或单纯的工程和建筑工程的安全幻想。生物多样性作为维持生态系统服务的保险的效率是众所周知的。实施基于自然的适应、应对和保护措施比传统的末端结构更便宜。它需要在公众广泛接受的基础上，深入理解互动过程和跨学科合作。对这些解决方案的投资将在明天而不是在未来获得回报。是最可持续、最可行的防灾方式。实施基于自然的适应、应对和保护措施比传统的末端结构更便宜。它需要在公众广泛接受的基础上，深入理解互动过程和跨学科合作。对这些解决方案的投资将在明天而不是在未来获得回报。是最可持续、最可行的防灾方式。实施基于自然的适应、应对和保护措施比传统的末端结构更便宜。它需要在公众广泛接受的基础上，深入理解互动过程和跨学科合作。对这些解决方案的投资将在明天而不是在未来获得回报。是最可持续、最可行的防灾方式。