The convergence of information communication technologies (ICTs) in news-making processes has changed the nature of news production in post-Arab Spring Egypt. Several newsrooms have integrated ICTs into their daily routines to develop their content and reconnect with their audiences. Although on the surface this seems a positive development, it appears that today, just a few years after integrating ICTs, Egyptian newsrooms are lagging behind. This study examines the utilization of ICTs ‐ especially social media ‐ in three Egyptian newsrooms. Three waves of questionnaires in 2012, 2014/2015 and 2018 which constitute a longitudinal survey of ICT convergence across the three newsrooms. The questionnaires’ repetition of cross-sectional questions allowed the author to measure changes in newsrooms’ adoption of ICTs over this seven-year span. In short, this study measures how newsroom culture has changed in relation to ICTs, how newsroom management views ICTs and the growing role of social media in newsroom operations.

中文翻译：

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埃及新闻编辑室中 ICT 的趋同和分歧：纵向方法

新闻制作过程中信息通信技术 (ICT) 的融合改变了后阿拉伯之春埃及新闻制作的性质。一些新闻编辑室已将 ICT 整合到他们的日常工作中，以开发他们的内容并重新与他们的受众建立联系。尽管从表面上看，这似乎是一个积极的发展，但今天，在整合 ICT 仅仅几年之后，埃及新闻编辑室似乎落后了。本研究考察了三个埃及新闻编辑室对信息通信技术（尤其是社交媒体）的使用情况。2012 年、2014/2015 年和 2018 年的三轮问卷调查构成了三个新闻编辑室 ICT 融合的纵向调查。问卷中重复的横断面问题使作者能够衡量在这七年中新闻编辑室采用 ICT 的变化。简而言之，