Long considered a smoker’s paradise, Japan passed its strictest regulations yet on indoor smoking in 2018 with revisions to the Health Promotion Law and a new ordinance in Tokyo. Timed for the Tokyo Olympics, both reforms made smoking regulations stronger and more legalistic despite reflecting distinctive policy paradigms in their particulars. The national regulations curtailed smoking in many public spaces but accommodated smoking in small restaurants and bars. Tokyo’s stronger restrictions emphasized public health protection by exempting only eateries with no employees. I argue that fully understanding these contemporaneous reforms requires analyzing insider activists: state actors who participated in the tobacco control movement or had sustained interaction with it during earlier reform waves. Case studies drawing on interviews and movement and government documents illustrate the mechanisms insider activists can access because they straddle multiple fields. This article contributes to scholarship about ideas, policy entrepreneurship, and the blurry line between insiders and outsiders in policymaking.

中文翻译：

---

日本的内部活动家和二手烟对策

长期以来，日本一直被认为是吸烟者的天堂，2018 年日本通过了迄今为止最严格的室内吸烟规定，修订了《健康促进法》并在东京颁布了一项新条例。这两项改革都为东京奥运会而设，尽管在其细节中反映了独特的政策范式，但都使吸烟法规更加强大和合法。国家法规限制在许多公共场所吸烟，但允许在小餐馆和酒吧吸烟。东京更严格的限制通过仅免除没有员工的餐馆来强调公共健康保护。我认为，要充分理解这些同时期的改革，需要分析内部活动人士：参与烟草控制运动或在早期改革浪潮中与之持续互动的国家行为者。基于采访和运动以及政府文件的案例研究说明了内部活动家可以访问的机制，因为他们跨越多个领域。本文为有关思想、政策企业家精神以及政策制定中内部人和局外人之间模糊界限的学术研究做出了贡献。