AbstractA necessarily widespread feature of language practice in the Persianate world was the need for translation of speech and text, with a range of lexical and semantic challenges involved in taking meaning from one language to another. This article focusses on legal translation, with its highly functional aims, by following the career of a pair of Indo-Persian legal forms known as tamassuk and fārigh-khaṭṭī, used for recording obligation and requital respectively. Tracing their reincarnations from Persian into Marathi, Hindi and Bengali, this article reveals several forms of boundary-crossing: doctrinal, jurisdictional, political and linguistic. In doing so, it explores the legal mindscapes in the early modern Indo-Persian world, spilling from the late Mughal into the colonial, and shows how multilingualism functioned within specific parts of the Persianate cosmopolis.

中文翻译：

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翻译义务：印波斯世界中的塔马苏克和法瑞克哈提

摘要波斯语世界语言实践的一个必然普遍特征是需要翻译语音和文本，在将意义从一种语言转换为另一种语言时会遇到一系列词汇和语义挑战。本文重点关注具有高度功能性目标的法律翻译，追随被称为 tamassuk 和 fārigh-khaṭṭī 的一对印度-波斯法律形式的职业生涯，分别用于记录义务和回报。本文追溯他们从波斯语到马拉地语、印地语和孟加拉语的转世，揭示了几种跨界形式：教义、司法、政治和语言。在这样做的过程中，它探索了现代早期印度-波斯世界的法律思维景观，从莫卧儿晚期蔓延到殖民地，