In the second half of the nineteenth century, practitioners of law in Iran were looking for more flexibility in contractual forms, especially those used to conclude routine transactions of properties and services. They increasingly made use of a type of contract named muṣālaḥa-nāma, derived from the legal concept of ṣulḥ and defined primarily as a means to arrange the amicable settlement of disputes. The present contribution attempts to categorise the kind of transactions for which this universal contractual type could be employed and raises the question what advantages such a “new” contractual form might have entailed.

中文翻译：

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灵活的合同形式：伊朗通过虚拟结算 (ṣulḥ/muṣālaḥa) 进行的交易

在 19 世纪下半叶，伊朗的法律从业者正在寻求合同形式的更大灵活性，尤其是那些用于完成日常财产和服务交易的合同形式。他们越来越多地使用一种名为muṣālaḥa-nāma的合同，源自ṣulḥ的法律概念，主要定义为安排友好解决争端的一种方式。目前的贡献试图对可以使用这种通用合同类型的交易进行分类，并提出这样一个问题：这种“新”合同形式可能带来哪些优势。