AbstractKaulnāmās were ubiquitous in early modern Marathi bureaucratic documentation. They were issued as deeds of assurance offering protection and confirming various rights, especially during warfare or invasion. Such documents were issued at different levels of the administrative hierarchy in the Adilshahi and Maratha administrations to prevent flight from troubled areas, extend cultivation, and encourage commerce. They also recorded grants of waste land to cultivators on graduated rates of taxation, or to merchants for developing market towns. This paper historicizes the kaulnāmā form from the seventeenth through the early nineteenth centuries, exploring the kinds of transactions of power, sovereignty and property it was part of. Through this focus on the trajectory of particular documentary forms, it reflects on the nature of the Persianate within Marathi bureaucratic practices, and the history of the Marathi language more broadly.

中文翻译：

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马拉地语 Kaulnāmā：波斯形式的财产、主权和文献

摘要 Kaulnāmās 在早期现代马拉地语官僚文件中无处不在。它们是作为提供保护和确认各种权利的保证契约签发的，特别是在战争或入侵期间。此类文件在阿迪尔沙希和马拉塔政府的不同行政级别发布，以防止逃离动荡地区，扩大耕种，鼓励商业。他们还记录了按照分级税率向耕种者或开发集镇的商人提供的荒地。本文对 17 世纪至 19 世纪初的 kaulnāmā 形式进行了历史记录，探讨了它所属的权力、主权和财产交易的种类。通过这种对特定纪录片形式轨迹的关注，