It has been argued that nation‐states confront migrant protection with a highly diverse array of measures ranging from excluding strategies (often labelled as “welfare chauvinism”) to more inclusionary, post‐national approaches. While exclusionary strategies are often guided by nativist principles such as citizenship, post‐national approaches of social protection are usually based on residence. Building on an international comparative project with a focus on free movement within the European Union, and involving four pairs of EU member states, this article argues that the extremes of these two ways of understanding nation‐state approaches to migrant social protection are not mutually exclusive, as has been discussed so far, but, instead, are intertwined with one another. While there is a common (and globally unique) framework on the EU level for the coordination of mobile citizens’ social protection, EU member states determine their strategies using residence as a main tool to govern intra‐EU migration. We differentiate between three main intertwining strategies applied by nation‐states in this respect: generally, selectively, and purposefully gated access to social protection. All three potentially lead to the social exclusion of migrants, particularly those who cannot prove their residence status in line with institutional regulations due to their undocumented living situations or their transnational lifestyles.

中文翻译：

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移民在欧盟后国家政策框架下获得社会保护的经历有限

有人认为，民族国家通过一系列高度多样化的措施来应对移民保护，从排除策略（通常被称为“福利沙文主义”）到更具包容性的后国家方法。虽然排他性策略通常以公民身份等本土主义原则为指导，但后国家社会保护方法通常以居住为基础。本文基于一个以欧盟内部自由流动为重点并涉及四对欧盟成员国的国际比较项目，认为这两种理解民族国家对移民社会保护方法的极端并不相互排斥，正如到目前为止所讨论的那样，但相反，它们是相互交织的。虽然在欧盟层面有一个共同的（且全球独一无二的）框架来协调流动公民的社会保护，但欧盟成员国确定其战略，将居住作为管理欧盟内部移民的主要工具。我们区分了民族国家在这方面应用的三种主要相互交织的策略：一般的、有选择的和有目的的对社会保护的门控访问。这三者都可能导致移民被社会排斥，尤其是那些由于无证生活状况或跨国生活方式而无法按照机构规定证明其居留身份的移民。我们区分了民族国家在这方面应用的三种主要相互交织的策略：一般的、有选择的和有目的的对社会保护的门控访问。这三者都可能导致移民被社会排斥，尤其是那些由于无证生活状况或跨国生活方式而无法按照机构规定证明其居留身份的移民。我们区分了民族国家在这方面应用的三种主要相互交织的策略：一般的、有选择的和有目的的对社会保护的门控访问。这三者都可能导致移民被社会排斥，特别是那些由于无证生活状况或跨国生活方式而无法按照机构规定证明其居留身份的移民。