The relationship between far-right political streams and fascism is a recurring topic in scientific literature. However, we find a low number of academic publications which try to create a framework for their similarities. This article uses Zeev Sternhell’s theory of fascism as a tool to measure different interpretations of fascism and the far right. According to its basic statement, there exists an anti-Enlightenment tradition in the Western world, which could serve as a substratum of these streams. This proves two points. Firstly, that there are several political groups which share a very similar political vision, even if their levels of aggression and radicalism are different. This is the reason why many neo-fascist, post-fascist, ‘populist’ and conservative parties have interchangeable rhetorical clichés and ideological patterns. Second, it shows that Western countries could successfully fight the rise of upcoming anti-democratic forces through strengthening the values of the Enlightenment-tradition.

极右翼政治流派与法西斯主义之间的关系是科学文献中反复出现的话题。然而，我们发现很少有学术出版物试图为它们的相似性创建一个框架。本文使用 Zeev Sternhell 的法西斯主义理论作为衡量对法西斯主义和极右翼的不同解释的工具。根据其基本说法，西方世界存在一种反启蒙传统，可以作为这些流派的底层。这证明了两点。首先，有几个政治团体有着非常相似的政治愿景，即使他们的侵略和激进主义程度不同。这就是为什么许多新法西斯主义、后法西斯主义、“民粹主义”和保守党派具有可互换的修辞陈词滥调和意识形态模式的原因。第二，