Scholars have recently begun advocating for the application of social movement theory in the analysis of the rise and development of fascist political entities. While representing a welcome effort to increase the theoretical depth in the analysis of fascism, the approach remains hampered by conceptual deficiencies. The author addresses some of these by the help of a critical discussion that problematises the often incoherent ways in which the concept of ‘movement’ is used when describing fascist political activity both within and across national borders. The analysis then turns to the application of social movement theory to the historical example of the Ustašas. While recent research on social movements has begun to explore the role and character of transnationalism, this case study analysis suggests that the lack of supra-national organisations during the period of ‘classic’ fascism prevented the emergence of a ‘transnational public space’ where fascist movements could have participated. The conclusion is that rather than acting and organising on a ‘transnational’ level, fascist entities appear to have limited themselves to state-based international ‘knowledge-transfer’ of a traditional type.

学者们最近开始提倡将社会运动理论应用于分析法西斯政治实体的兴起和发展。虽然代表了增加法西斯主义分析理论深度的受欢迎努力，但该方法仍然受到概念缺陷的阻碍。作者通过批判性讨论解决了其中一些问题，该讨论质疑在描述国内和跨国界的法西斯政治活动时使用“运动”概念时经常不连贯的方式。然后，分析转向将社会运动理论应用于乌斯塔沙的历史例子。虽然最近对社会运动的研究已经开始探索跨国主义的作用和特征，这个案例研究分析表明，在“经典”法西斯主义时期缺乏超国家组织阻止了法西斯运动可能参与的“跨国公共空间”的出现。结论是，法西斯实体似乎没有在“跨国”层面上行动和组织，而是将自己局限于传统类型的基于国家的国际“知识转移”。