It is often argued that global competition and technological development have made industrial jobs more unstable. In this article, we ask how career stability has evolved in the Finnish forest, metal, and chemical industries, comparing 14 cohorts (age groups) by gender and educational level. We focus on industrial employees born in 1958–1971 and compare their career stability at ages 30–44 using Statistics Finland’s linked employer-employee data from 1988 to 2015 and an application of sequence analysis. We analyze career stability over time by examining annual main labor market statuses (employed, unemployed, student, disabled, retired, out of the labor force), adding estimators for workplace and industry changes. The results show no evidence of career destabilization across the cohorts, but they do reveal persistent inequalities between industrial employees with low and high levels of education, and between men and women.

中文翻译：

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1988-2015 年 14 名芬兰工业雇员的职业稳定性

人们经常争辩说，全球竞争和技术发展使工业工作更加不稳定。在本文中，我们通过按性别和教育水平比较 14 个队列（年龄组），询问芬兰森林、金属和化学行业的职业稳定性如何演变。我们专注于 1958-1971 年出生的工业雇员，并使用芬兰统计局从 1988 年至 2015 年的雇主-雇员关联数据和序列分析应用比较他们在 30-44 岁时的职业稳定性。我们通过检查年度主要劳动力市场状况（就业、失业、学生、残疾人、退休、退出劳动力市场）分析职业稳定性随时间的变化，并添加工作场所和行业变化的估计量。结果显示，没有证据表明整个群体的职业不稳定，