Gina Apostol is a Philippine-American writer whose novel, Insurrecto, gives important insights into the political fictions of colonialism and the nation-state. Using postmodern readings of metafiction and historiographic metafiction, as well as postcolonial readings of hybridity and postcolonial doubles, this paper will unearth the political fictions that were used by the United States in rationalizing the Philippine-American War, and the political fictions used by the Philippines in rationalizing extrajudicial killings. This paper follows the argumentation of Ania Loomba, who argues that nation-states have used the same violence as those used by colonizing powers, and that after the colonizing powers left, the nation-state excluded and silenced marginal peoples. Philippine-American Literature distinguishes itself against Asian-American Literature because it discusses the Philippine colonial experience under the U.S., lending itself to important reflections regarding hybridity, historiography, and solidarity. This paper will use the postmodern theories of Patricia Waugh when it comes to metafiction, Linda Hutcheon’s and Michel Foucault’s theories regarding historiographic metafiction and suprahistorical history, and the postcolonial theories of Homi Bhabha and Gloria Anzaldua regarding hybridity.

中文翻译：

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使徒信条：在散居小说中揭示殖民主义和民族的政治虚构

Gina Apostol 是一位菲律宾裔美国作家，其小说《起义》对殖民主义和民族国家的政治虚构提供了重要的见解。本文将利用元小说和史学元小说的后现代解读，以及混合性和后殖民双重的后殖民解读，挖掘美国在菲美战争合理化中使用的政治小说，以及菲律宾使用的政治小说使法外处决合理化。本文沿用了 Ania Loomba 的论点，她认为民族国家使用了与殖民大国使用的暴力相同的暴力，并且在殖民大国离开后，民族国家排斥并压制了边缘人民。菲律宾裔美国文学与亚裔美国文学不同，因为它讨论了美国统治下的菲律宾殖民经历，有助于对混合、历史学和团结进行重要反思。本文将使用帕特里夏·沃 (Patricia Waugh) 关于元小说的后现代理论，琳达·哈钦 (Linda Hutcheon) 和米歇尔·福柯 (Michel Foucault) 关于史学元小说和超历史历史的理论，以及霍米·巴巴 (Homi Bhabha) 和格洛丽亚·安扎尔杜 (Gloria Anzaldua) 关于混合性的后殖民理论。