Mikhail Gasparov concludes his monograph “A History of European Versification” with the recognition that in the development of particular verse forms in each tradition of poetry, there is a permanent interaction between two types of poetry: those of oral popular and bookish culture. The forms engendered by popular culture are assimilated by bookish culture, while those engendered by literary culture descend into popular culture (Gasparov 1996: 295). Here, folk poetry represents oral popular poetry, and literary poetry represents poetry published in books. Over the last decade, and especially during the last five years, the importance of lyrical poetry as an art form in Western culture has grown precisely due to the widespread distribution of both types of poetry – oral and written. Yet oral poetry is no longer marked by folklore, and the primary medium of the written poetry is no longer books – we can see that rap poetry and digital poetry, especially Instapoetry (Instagram poetry), are increasingly occupying a central position. However, bookish poetry is also rising, thanks to the latter. The growing popularity of both subgenres of poetry is associated with the emergence of new media: the platform of the first is audio and visual media (SoundCloud, Spotify, YouTube) and of the second is textual and visual media (at first Tumblr, now primarily Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook). This article examines attitudes and issues related to the emergence of this new era poetry and outlines its poetics from a semiotic perspective. The analysis focuses on Estonian Instagram poetry and rap, studying how these subtypes of poetry, which originate from English-speaking cultures, have emerged after a time gap in smaller literature and have changed the audience, the authors, and the meaning-making of poetry.

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新时代诗歌的符号学：爱沙尼亚 Instagram 和说唱诗歌

米哈伊尔·加斯帕罗夫（Mikhail Gasparov）在他的专着《欧洲诗歌化史》的结尾承认，在每种诗歌传统中特定诗歌形式的发展过程中，两种诗歌之间存在着永久的相互作用：口头流行诗歌和书卷文化诗歌。流行文化产生的形式被书呆子文化同化，而文学文化产生的形式下降到流行文化（Gasparov 1996：295）。在这里，民间诗歌代表口头通俗诗歌，文学诗歌代表书籍发表的诗歌。在过去的十年里，尤其是在过去的五年里，抒情诗作为一种艺术形式在西方文化中的重要性正在增长，这正是由于两种诗歌——口头和书面形式的广泛传播。然而，口头诗歌不再以民间传说为标志，而书面诗歌的主要媒介不再是书籍——我们可以看到说唱诗歌和数字诗歌，尤其是Instapoetry（Instagram诗歌）越来越占据中心位置。然而，书香诗也在兴起，多亏了后者。这两种诗歌的日益流行都与新媒体的出现有关：第一种是音频和视觉媒体（SoundCloud、Spotify、YouTube），第二种是文本和视觉媒体（最初是 Tumblr，现在主要是推特、Instagram 和 Facebook）。本文考察了与这一新时代诗歌出现有关的态度和问题，并从符号学的角度概述了它的诗学。分析侧重于爱沙尼亚 Instagram 诗歌和说唱，研究这些源自英语文化的诗歌亚型如何，