The Vilapedre axe (Lugo, Northwest Iberia) has been traditionally considered by archaeologists as evidence of prehistoric long-distance contacts along the Atlantic Coast of France and Spain. This artefact - as other “Tumiac type” axes (long polished blades, generally butt-perforated) - would have been produced in Brittany during the Neolithic (5th millennium BCE) using jadeitite as raw material, a green-coloured rock for which there are sources in the western Italian Alps. In this paper, we have traced the possible archaeological origin of this artefact back by examining the personal files of one of its first owners, Santiago de la Iglesia. Furthermore, we have conducted a mineralogical (X-Ray Diffraction, XRD) and an elemental analysis (Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Detection, SEM-EDX) of both the Vilapedre axe and geological samples from several places at the Alps where prehistoric quarrying of greenstones has been reported. The aims were physicochemically characterizing the axe to provide information about its possible geological source. During our analyses, we have found significant compositional similarities between the Vilapedre axe and one of the geological samples coming from the Alps (Alp06). The results are therefore consistent with the alleged Alpine origin of this artefact. The presence of this axe in Northwest Spain, together with other evidence, such as the presence of objects of Iberian origin in Breton monuments, strongly suggests the existence of contacts between both regions of the Atlantic façade during the Neolithic onwards in which seafaring would undoubtedly have played an important role.

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来自加利西亚（伊比利亚西北部）的史前玉斧：研究其起源

Vilapedre 斧头（卢戈，伊比利亚西北部）历来被考古学家视为法国和西班牙大西洋沿岸史前远距离接触的证据。这件手工艺品 - 与其他“Tumiac 类型”斧头（长抛光刀片，通常为对接穿孔）一样 - 将在新石器时代（公元前 5 世纪）期间在布列塔尼使用硬玉作为原料生产，这是一种绿色的岩石，有产自意大利阿尔卑斯山西部。在本文中，我们通过检查其第一任所有者 Santiago de la Iglesia 的个人档案，追溯了这件文物可能的考古起源。此外，我们还进行了矿物学（X 射线衍射，XRD）和元素分析（具有能量色散 X 射线检测的扫描电子显微镜，Vilapedre 斧头和来自阿尔卑斯山几个地方的地质样品的 SEM-EDX)，据报道，这些地方有史前绿岩采石。目的是对斧头进行物理化学表征，以提供有关其可能的地质来源的信息。在我们的分析过程中，我们发现 Vilapedre 斧头与来自阿尔卑斯山的地质样本之一 (Alp06) 之间存在显着的成分相似性。因此，结果与该人工制品的所谓阿尔卑斯起源一致。这把斧头在西班牙西北部的存在，以及其他证据，例如在布列塔尼纪念碑中存在伊比利亚起源的物体，强烈表明在新石器时代之后，大西洋立面的两个区域之间存在接触，其中航海无疑会发挥了重要作用。