Up to now, little was known about the Middle Palaeolithic from the Hérault Valley (France). Recently, systematic surveys have led to the discovery of several surface stations on river terraces. Some of these have yielded stone tools made from unusual raw materials, such as, brecciated quartzites and jasper-like rocks, as well as quartz and rare flints. These rocks are found in primary position in the Montagne Noire area, and are also available in the alluvial deposits of the Hérault and its tributaries in the form of more or less rounded cobbles. These raw materials are very heterogeneous even within a single cobble. Their inter and intra-variability has been found to have induced specific knapping strategies as hominins adapted to - or took full advantage of - their special petrographic characteristics. Here we present data from three Middle Palaeolithic open-air stations (Les Geissières, Saint-Saturnin and Camillo) to illustrate adaptive knapping strategies performed by Neanderthals. In addition to the technological analysis, experiments were also conducted to test some of the identified methods, such as bipolar-on-anvil, with the aims of: 1) evaluating flake production efficiency and 2) recognizing specific traces left on the products by this method. This enabled us to better identify archaeological artefacts in this particular alluvial context. The study shows the use of stone reduction methods that allowed the knappers to adapt to the constraints posed by the raw materials: Discoid sensu lato (bifacial, unifacial, partial), Clactonian and bipolar-on-anvil. Methods more diagnostic of the Middle Palaeolithic, such as the Levallois and typo-Levallois or various Kombewa methods were used on finer grained raw materials. There are a few retouched flake tools and some pebble tools (mainly choppers). These assemblages show us that, despite the influence of the raw materials (which is more of a constraint than a limit), Neanderthals achieved their goals through a variety of methods. These surface stations make it possible to better perceive adaptive strategies in the Middle Palaeolithic in Languedoc-Roussillon, in a context where the Levallois techno-complexes prevail.

中文翻译：

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适应原材料的内部变异性：来自法国埃罗河谷的三个旧石器时代中期地面站（Les Geissières、Saint-Saturnin 和 Camillo）的示例

到目前为止，人们对埃罗河谷（法国）的旧石器时代中期知之甚少。最近，系统调查导致在河流梯田上发现了几个地面站。其中一些已经生产出由不寻常的原材料制成的石器，例如角砾石英岩和碧玉状岩石，以及石英和稀有燧石。这些岩石位于黑山地区的主要位置，也可以在埃罗河及其支流的冲积沉积物中以或多或少的圆形鹅卵石形式存在。即使在一块鹅卵石内，这些原材料也非常不均匀。已经发现它们的内部和内部变异性已经诱导了特定的敲击策略，因为人类适应或充分利用了它们特殊的岩相学特征。在这里，我们展示了来自旧石器时代中期三个露天站（Les Geissières、Saint-Saturnin 和 Camillo）的数据，以说明尼安德特人执行的自适应敲击策略。除了技术分析，还进行了实验以测试一些已确定的方法，例如双极砧，目的是：1）评估薄片生产效率和 2）识别产品上留下的特定痕迹。方法。这使我们能够在这个特定的冲积环境中更好地识别考古文物。该研究表明使用石材还原方法使敲击器能够适应原材料带来的限制：Discoid sensu lato（双面、单面、部分）、Clactonian 和双极砧。更多诊断旧石器时代中期的方法，例如 Levallois 和typo-Levallois 或各种 Kombewa 方法用于更细粒度的原材料。有一些经过修饰的薄片工具和一些鹅卵石工具（主要是菜刀）。这些组合向我们表明，尽管受到原材料的影响（与其说是限制，不如说是限制），尼安德特人通过各种方法实现了他们的目标。这些地面站可以更好地了解朗格多克-鲁西永的旧石器时代中期的适应性策略，在勒瓦卢瓦技术复合体盛行的背景下。尼安德特人通过各种方法实现了他们的目标。这些地面站可以更好地了解朗格多克-鲁西永的旧石器时代中期的适应性策略，在勒瓦卢瓦技术复合体盛行的背景下。尼安德特人通过各种方法实现了他们的目标。这些地面站可以更好地了解朗格多克-鲁西永的旧石器时代中期的适应性策略，在勒瓦卢瓦技术复合体盛行的背景下。