Abstract Recent decades have witnessed increased public concern about vehicle emissions and growing frustration with political inaction and business preferences for the status quo. This article provides historical perspective on such regulatory dynamics by analyzing the Swiss and the Swedish cases of vehicle emission governance in the1970s-1980s. Relying on archival documents detailing the policy process in both countries as well as on international regulatory arenas, the analysis focuses on political solutions for reducing the toxicity of vehicle emissions. It uncovers the influence of national as well as international business groups and the existence of the tension between various national ministries, arising from conflicting environmental and trade-related goals. Is also highlights the importance of different institutional settings in creating the expertise to explain the political outcomes. While the Swiss corporatist system gave a great deal of power to a variety of interest groups at each stage of the political process, the Swedish government invested significant resources in the creation of independent expertise and enjoyed a relative autonomy, despite the importance of the Swedish car industry. The analysis also assesses the importance of the Swiss–Swedish collaboration in overcoming certain obstacles and their contribution to the implementation of stricter regulations in Europe that ultimately occurred at the margins of the European Economic Community.

中文翻译：

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专业知识的力量和局限：1970 年代和 1980 年代瑞士-瑞典汽车排放标准的联系

摘要 近几十年来，公众对汽车排放的关注日益增加，而对政治不作为和企业对现状的偏好也越来越沮丧。本文通过分析 20 世纪 70 年代至 1980 年代瑞士和瑞典的车辆排放治理案例，为此类监管动态提供历史视角。依靠详细描述两国政策过程以及国际监管领域的档案文件，该分析侧重于减少车辆排放毒性的政治解决方案。它揭示了国家和国际商业团体的影响，以及由于环境和贸易相关目标相互冲突而导致的各个国家部委之间存在的紧张关系。它还强调了不同制度设置在创造专业知识来解释政治结果方面的重要性。虽然瑞士的社团主义制度在政治进程的每个阶段都赋予了各种利益集团很大的权力，但瑞典政府在创造独立的专业知识方面投入了大量资源并享有相对的自主权，尽管瑞典汽车很重要行业。该分析还评估了瑞士和瑞典合作在克服某些障碍方面的重要性，以及它们对最终在欧洲经济共同体边缘实施的更严格法规的贡献。虽然瑞士的社团主义制度在政治进程的每个阶段都赋予了各种利益集团很大的权力，但瑞典政府在创造独立的专业知识方面投入了大量资源并享有相对的自主权，尽管瑞典汽车很重要行业。该分析还评估了瑞士和瑞典合作在克服某些障碍方面的重要性，以及它们对最终在欧洲经济共同体边缘实施的更严格法规的贡献。虽然瑞士的社团主义制度在政治进程的每个阶段都赋予了各种利益集团很大的权力，但瑞典政府在创造独立的专业知识方面投入了大量资源并享有相对的自主权，尽管瑞典汽车很重要行业。该分析还评估了瑞士和瑞典合作在克服某些障碍方面的重要性，以及它们对最终在欧洲经济共同体边缘实施的更严格法规的贡献。