to make a genuine contribution to the war effort. Chapter 4 details the state’s provisioning policies during the war and demonstrates how the measures to feed, clothe and equip the army impacted the home front, causing dire shortages in many parts of the empire and damaging its legitimacy. The next chapter looks at the Ottoman Great War through the eyes of ‘wives and mothers’. Tracing women’s wartime experiences and actions, this chapter examines the ways in which the war transformed Ottoman women’s relationship with the state and increased their agency in the absence of men. Lastly, chapter 6 concentrates on displacement and refugee movements between 1914 and 1918. Comparing the forced deportation of the Armenians with the flight of Muslim refugees from territories occupied by the Russian army, Akın concludes that although both were orchestrated to reshape the empire’s demographic structure, they were categorically different forms of population displacement: while the former was aimed at, and resulted in, the destruction of the Armenians; the latter by no means had such an intention. When the War Came Home’s contribution can be summarized in three points. First of all, the book successfully integrates the Ottoman Great War into the large body of World War I studies. Hence, it substantially supplements the existing literature on the First World War, in which the Ottoman Empire has long held a marginal place, although it was one of the major actors in the conflict. Secondly, the book provides a comprehensive social history of the Ottoman Great War. Drawing widely on folk songs, lamentations, memoirs, petitions, newspapers and archival documents, Akın’s book is the first study that reflects the experiences, sufferings and voices of ordinary Ottomans between 1914 and 1918. Last but not least, while the book, on the one hand, offers a new perspective on the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire with its bottom-up approach, on the other hand, it provokes a much-needed rethinking of the history of the Turkish War of Independence of 1919–1922. Reading the local revolts that broke out against the nationalist remobilization as outcomes of World War’s destruction and the widespread resentment it created in people, Akın’s book thus paves the way for an extensive revision of one of the mainstays of official Turkish historiography which labels these revolts as reactionary movements organized by the Istanbul government and pro-Sultanate/Caliphate groups. All in all, Yiğit Akın’s fascinating book is an essential read for anyone interested in the history of World War I, the late Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey and is certain to occupy an important place in these fields for many years to come.

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书评：法国大革命：Micah Alpaugh 的文献史

为战争做出真正的贡献。第 4 章详述了国家在战争期间的供给政策，并展示了军队的衣食住行措施如何影响国内前线，导致帝国许多地区严重短缺并损害其合法性。下一章通过“妻子和母亲”的眼光审视奥斯曼大战。本章追溯了女性的战时经历和行为，考察了战争如何改变了奥斯曼女性与国家的关系，并在男性缺席的情况下增强了她们的能动性。最后，第 6 章重点关注 1914 年至 1918 年间的流离失所和难民流动。将亚美尼亚人的强制驱逐与穆斯林难民逃离俄罗斯军队占领的领土进行比较，阿克恩总结说，尽管两者都是为了重塑帝国的人口结构而精心策划的，但它们是完全不同形式的人口迁移：前者的目的是摧毁亚美尼亚人，并导致了亚美尼亚人的毁灭；后者绝不会有这样的意图。战争归来时的贡献可以概括为三点。首先，本书成功地将奥斯曼帝国大战融入一战研究的大体中。因此，它大大补​​充了关于第一次世界大战的现有文献，尽管奥斯曼帝国是冲突的主要参与者之一，但长期以来一直处于边缘地位。其次，本书提供了奥斯曼大战的全面社会史。广泛取材于民歌、哀歌、回忆录、请愿书、报纸和档案文件，Akın 的书是第一本反映 1914 年至 1918 年间普通奥斯曼人的经历、苦难和声音的研究。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，一方面，这本书提供了一个关于解散奥斯曼帝国的新视角。另一方面，奥斯曼帝国采用自下而上的方法，引发了对 1919-1922 年土耳其独立战争历史的急需重新思考。将反对民族主义重新动员的地方起义解读为世界大战的破坏及其在人们中引起的广泛怨恨的结果，因此阿克恩的书为对土耳其官方史学的主要支柱之一进行广泛修订铺平了道路，将这些起义标记为由伊斯坦布尔政府和亲苏丹国/哈里发组织组织的反动运动。总而言之，