Abstract This article considers the use of the traditional phrase ‘faith in God and the last day’ in five shorter works of Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī. It looks into Ghazālī’s understanding of the ‘minimal faith’ specified by this phrase, and makes three main points. Ghazālī regards minimal faith as having a synthetic object, which may be called ‘a retributory God’ or simply ‘otherworldly retribution’. Minimal faith as understood by Ghazālī is useful to bring deficient Muslims back to observance. Ghazālī also regards minimal faith as useful to make non-Muslims shift to Islam, but does not regard this faith as shared specifically by Jews and Christians. The rhetorical and polemical trend of Ghazālī, on the other hand, is presented in the course of the article. Ghazālī’s concern with persuading or discrediting, I eventually argue, might outweigh his involvement in ‘doctrine’.

中文翻译：

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Ghazālī 中的“对上帝的信仰和最后一天”：什么信仰适合什么人？

摘要 本文探讨了阿布·哈米德·加扎利的五部短篇作品中“对上帝的信仰和末日的信仰”这一传统短语的使用。它考察了安扎利对这句话所指定的“最低限度的信仰”的理解，并提出了三个要点。Ghazālī 认为最低限度的信仰是有一个综合的对象，它可以被称为“报应神”或简单地称为“超凡脱俗的报应”。Ghazālī 所理解的最低限度的信仰有助于让有缺陷的穆斯林重新接受信仰。Ghazālī 还认为最低限度的信仰有助于使非穆斯林转向伊斯兰教，但并不认为这种信仰是犹太人和基督徒特别共享的。另一方面，安扎利的修辞和争论趋势在文章的过程中进行了介绍。我最终认为，Ghazālī 对说服或诋毁的关注，