Studies of instrumental responding often include the delivery of a cue that is coincident with the delivery of the reinforcer. One purpose of this is for the cue to be removed during extinction and then presented later to assess whether responding returns (cue-induced reinstatement). In two experiments, we examined the effects of having a cue associated with reinforcement present or absent during extinction. In Experiment 1, the cue was associated with fixed ratio responding for intravenous cocaine or food pellets in one context (Context A), followed by extinction in another context (Context B), where responding produced the cue in one group but did not produce the cue in the other group. Afterward, contextual renewal was assessed with and without the cue in Context A. During extinction, a cue previously associated with cocaine reinforcement caused an increase in responding initially (an extinction burst) and throughout 16 2-hr extinction sessions, as well as weakened contextual renewal when animals were tested with the cue in Context A. In contrast, there were few detectable effects of the cue on extinction and contextual renewal when food pellets were the reinforcer. In Experiment 2, effects of a cue during extinction of progressive ratio responding were revealed with food pellets when animals showed weakened responding on the initial trials of postextinction reacquisition sessions. These experiments demonstrate that the presence of a cue associated with reinforcement during extinction may prolong responding in the short term while creating a more persistent form of extinction that resists relapse. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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与可卡因或食物强化剂相关的线索对行为灭绝和灭绝后恢复的影响。

仪器反应的研究通常包括与强化物的传递同时发生的提示的传递。这样做的目的之一是在灭绝过程中消除提示，然后在稍后呈现以评估响应是否返回（提示诱导的恢复）。在两个实验中，我们研究了在灭绝过程中存在或不存在强化相关线索的影响。在实验 1 中，该线索与在一种情况下（背景 A）中静脉注射可卡因或食物颗粒的固定比率响应相关，然后在另一种情况下（背景 B）中消失，其中响应在一组中产生了线索，但没有产生提示另一组。随后，在有或没有情境 A 中的提示的情况下评估情境更新。在消退过程中，先前与可卡因强化相关的提示导致最初的反应增加（消退爆发）和整个 16 个 2 小时的消退过程，以及减弱的情境当用情境 A 中的提示对动物进行测试时，会出现更新。相比之下，当食物颗粒作为强化物时，提示对灭绝和情境更新几乎没有可检测到的影响。在实验2中，当动物在灭绝后重新获得会​​话的初始试验中表现出减弱的反应时，通过食物颗粒揭示了渐进比率反应灭绝期间线索的影响。这些实验表明，在消退过程中，与强化相关的线索的存在可能会延长短期内的反应，同时创造一种更持久的消退形式，以抵抗复发。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。