This paper presents a discussion involving practical aspects of applying contamination indices and ecological risk factors derived from chemical elements in the environmental assessment of soils and sediments. The single and integrated indices: Geoaccumulation index (I_geo), Enrichment factor (EF), Contamination factor (CF), Pollution Index (PI), Ecological risk factor (E_ir), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Degree of contamination (C_deg), Modified Contamination Factor (mC_deg), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were discussed, and some applications were presented didactically. The analytical care needed to obtain reliable indices with the studied ecosystem is also evidenced. In addition, the advantages and limitations of the use of these indices are presented.

本文介绍了在土壤和沉积物环境评估中应用污染指数和源自化学元素的生态风险因素的实际方面的讨论。单一和综合指数：地积指数（I _geo）、富集系数（EF）、污染系数（CF）、污染指数（PI）、生态风险系数（E _{i r}）、污染负荷指数（PLI）、污染程度(C _deg) , 修正污染系数 ( m C _deg) 和潜在生态风险指数 (PERI) 进行了讨论，并以教学的方式提出了一些应用。还证明了获得所研究生态系统的可靠指数所需的分析护理。此外，还介绍了使用这些指数的优点和局限性。