This paper presents the overall results of a research project that investigated factors determining how speakers of Ugandan English express futurity, ability and obligation. Findings reveal that forms identified to convey these meanings in American, Indian, Kenyan or Nigerian English, and whose use would reveal influence from these, are seldom used. Rather, persisting exonormative orientation towards British English and first-language influence seem to determine how many forms are tolerated and which ones are preferred. This challenges epicentre theory, according to which an endonormatively stable variety influences varieties in neighbouring countries, as well as models that assume that varieties with a high impact in terms of the demographic and economic weight of their speakers influence those with a lower impact, whilst findings furthermore indicate that regular long-term exposure to another variety results in accommodation, making this a factor that needs to be better accounted for.

中文翻译：

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受保护后的乌干达和当前对英国人的影响模式

本文介绍了一项研究项目的总体结果，该项目调查了决定乌干达英语使用者如何表达未来、能力和义务的因素。调查结果表明，很少使用在美国、印度、肯尼亚或尼日利亚英语中被确定为传达这些含义的形式，并且其使用会显示出这些含义的影响。相反，对英式英语和第一语言影响的持续非规范性取向似乎决定了可以容忍多少形式以及首选哪些形式。这挑战了震中理论，根据该理论，一个内在稳定的品种会影响邻国的品种，以及假设在其演讲者的人口和经济权重方面具有高影响力的品种会影响影响较小的品种的模型，