Abstract

With its long coastline, vast exclusive economic zone (EEZ), skilled labor force, advanced technology, and one of the largest seafood markets in the world, the United States could be a major marine aquaculture producer of fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and marine algae. Despite all its promise, U.S. marine aquaculture production is tiny relative to its potential. The constraints often cited are lack of social license, an inefficient and uncoordinated permitting system, and the absence of supportive government programs similar to those enjoyed by terrestrial agriculture. National commissions have noted these constraints for more than 30 years. The paper first outlines key policy drivers prompting a reevaluation of US marine aquaculture policy (human health and nutrition, climate change, and market disruptions caused by the coronavirus) and then focuses on three critical policy goals that could contribute to expanding U.S. seafood farming: improve public understanding and acceptance, enhance the efficiency and timeliness of the aquaculture permitting process, and expand economic incentives to foster aquaculture development.

摘要

凭借其漫长的海岸线、广阔的专属经济区 (EEZ)、熟练的劳动力、先进的技术以及世界上最大的海鲜市场之一，美国可能成为鱼类、软体动物、甲壳类动物和海洋生物的主要海水养殖生产国藻类。尽管前景广阔，但美国的海水养殖产量与其潜力相比还是微不足道。经常提到的制约因素是缺乏社会许可、低效和不协调的许可制度，以及缺乏类似于陆地农业所享有的支持性政府计划。30 多年来，国家委员会已经注意到这些制约因素。该文件首先概述了促使重新评估美国海水养殖政策（人类健康和营养、气候变化、