Background

Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans have been co-isolated from biofilm-associated diseases such as denture stomatitis, periodontitis, and burn wound infections, as well as from medical devices. However, the polymicrobial biofilm of both microorganisms has not been fully characterized.

Aims

To characterize the polymicrobial biofilm of C. albicans and S. aureus in terms of microbial density, synergy, composition, structure, and stability against antimicrobials and chemical agents.

Methods

Crystal violet assay was used to measure the biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy were used to analyze the structure and chemical composition of the biofilms, respectively.

Results

Supplemented media with fetal bovine serum (FBS) decreased the biofilm formation of S. aureus and the polymicrobial biofilm. For C. albicans, depending on the culture media, the addition of glucose or FBS had a positive effect in biofilm formation. FBS decreased the adhesion to polystyrene wells for both microorganisms. Supplementing the media with glucose and FBS enhanced the growth of C. albicans and S. aureus, respectively. It seems that C. albicans contributes the most to the adhesion process and to the general structure of the biofilms on all the surfaces tested, including a catheter model. Interestingly, S. aureus showed a great adhesion capacity to the surface of C. albicans in the biofilms. Proteins and β-1,6-linked polysaccharides seem to be the most important molecules in the polymicrobial biofilm.

Conclusions

The polymicrobial biofilm had a complex structure, with C. albicans serving as a scaffold where S. aureus adheres, preferentially to the hyphal form of the fungus. Detection of polymicrobial infections and characterization of biofilms will be necessary in the future to provide a better treatment.

中文翻译：

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不同表面上白色念珠菌和金黄色葡萄球菌多微生物生物膜的表征

背景

金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌已从与生物膜相关的疾病（例如义齿口炎、牙周炎和烧伤感染）以及医疗器械中分离出来。然而，两种微生物的多微生物生物膜尚未完全表征。

目标

从微生物密度、协同作用、组成、结构和对抗菌剂和化学试剂的稳定性方面来表征白色念珠菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的多微生物生物膜。

方法

结晶紫测定用于测量生物膜的形成。扫描电子显微镜和共聚焦显微镜分别用于分析生物膜的结构和化学成分。

结果

含有胎牛血清 (FBS) 的补充培养基减少了金黄色葡萄球菌和多微生物生物膜的生物膜形成。对于白色念珠菌，根据培养基的不同，添加葡萄糖或 FBS 对生物膜形成有积极影响。FBS 降低了两种微生物对聚苯乙烯孔的粘附力。用葡萄糖和 FBS 补充培养基分别促进了白色念珠菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长。似乎白色念珠菌对粘附过程和所有测试表面上的生物膜的一般结构贡献最大，包括导管模型。有趣的是，金黄色葡萄球菌对金黄色葡萄球菌表面表现出很强的粘附能力。生物膜中的白色念珠菌。蛋白质和β-1,6-连接的多糖似乎是多微生物生物膜中最重要的分子。

结论

多微生物生物膜具有复杂的结构，白色念珠菌作为金黄色葡萄球菌粘附的支架，优先附着在真菌的菌丝上。未来有必要检测多种微生物感染和表征生物膜，以提供更好的治疗。