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Symbiotic fungi as biotechnological tools: Methodological challenges and relative benefits in agriculture and forestry
Fungal Biology Reviews ( IF 6 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.06.001
Niloufar Hagh-Doust , Sanni M.A. Färkkilä , Mahdieh S. Hosseyni Moghaddam , Leho Tedersoo

Environmental conditions are becoming increasingly challenging in managed ecosystems, especially in agricultural fields, where environmentally friendly solutions are urgently needed. Fungal symbionts offer great opportunities to enhance crop production and ecosystem sustainability under environmental stress. Some fungi are relatively well investigated (e.g., arbuscular mycorrhiza) and regularly used in commercial products, while others, such as fungal endophytes, are not well-known in this market, yet. Here, we review I) the characteristics and benefits, II) the advantages and challenges of principal isolation, preservation, inoculation, and field applications methods, and III) the environmental stress resistance mechanisms for different beneficial fungi. Utilization of mycorrhizae is still facing many challenges, particularly in terms of acquiring pure cultures and successfully establishing their symbiosis in the field. Effects of mycorrhizal associations on the above-ground organs through molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Although biochemical values of some endophytes are well recognized, molecular mechanisms involved in endophytic-induced stress tolerance are poorly known. Fungal endophytes present several important advantages over mycorrhizal fungi including broader host range as well as straightforward isolation and application protocols. Further studies are necessary for selecting the best strains and communities, producing inoculum on a large-scale, and understanding the potential environmental hazards.



中文翻译:

共生真菌作为生物技术工具:农业和林业的方法学挑战和相对优势

在受管理的生态系统中,环境条件变得越来越具有挑战性,特别是在迫切需要环保解决方案的农业领域。真菌共生体为在环境压力下提高作物产量和生态系统可持续性提供了绝佳机会。一些真菌(例如,丛枝菌根)得到了相对充分的研究并经常用于商业产品,而其他真菌,例如内生真菌,在这个市场上还不为人所知。在这里,我们回顾了 I) 特性和优势,II) 主要分离、保存、接种和田间应用方法的优势和挑战,以及 III) 不同有益真菌的环境胁迫抗性机制。菌根的利用仍面临诸多挑战,特别是在获得纯文化并在该领域成功建立共生方面。菌根群落通过分子机制对地上器官的影响尚不完全清楚。尽管一些内生菌的生化价值已得到充分认可,但内生菌诱导的胁迫耐受性所涉及的分子机制却知之甚少。真菌内生菌与菌根真菌相比具有几个重要的优势,包括更广泛的宿主范围以及简单的分离和应用方案。需要进一步的研究来选择最好的菌株和群落,大规模生产接种物,并了解潜在的环境危害。菌根群落通过分子机制对地上器官的影响尚不完全清楚。尽管一些内生菌的生化价值已得到充分认可,但内生菌诱导的胁迫耐受性所涉及的分子机制却知之甚少。真菌内生菌与菌根真菌相比具有几个重要的优势,包括更广泛的宿主范围以及简单的分离和应用方案。需要进一步的研究来选择最好的菌株和群落,大规模生产接种物,并了解潜在的环境危害。菌根群落通过分子机制对地上器官的影响尚不完全清楚。尽管一些内生菌的生化价值已得到充分认可,但内生菌诱导的胁迫耐受性所涉及的分子机制却知之甚少。真菌内生菌与菌根真菌相比具有几个重要的优势,包括更广泛的宿主范围以及简单的分离和应用方案。需要进一步的研究来选择最好的菌株和群落,大规模生产接种物,并了解潜在的环境危害。真菌内生菌与菌根真菌相比具有几个重要的优势,包括更广泛的宿主范围以及简单的分离和应用方案。需要进一步的研究来选择最好的菌株和群落,大规模生产接种物,并了解潜在的环境危害。真菌内生菌与菌根真菌相比具有几个重要的优势,包括更广泛的宿主范围以及简单的分离和应用方案。需要进一步的研究来选择最好的菌株和群落,大规模生产接种物,并了解潜在的环境危害。

更新日期:2022-06-23
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