The new technologies such as the fifth generation of telecommunications (5G) and the internet of things (IoT) present a set of demanding technical requirements at device level that can be reached through devices based on piezoelectric materials using nonlinear effects to increase their performance. However, in the literature can not be found a physics formulation for the unified nonlinear effects of these materials that allow an easy implementation in FEM simulators. Thus, in this work we use the stress-charge formulation to obtain the transformation laws, the unique components of the higher order tensors and the equations of state, which unify the nonlinear phenomena of the piezoelectric effect reported experimentally and, which can be used to increase the performance of the devices and extend the range of applications based on these materials. In addition, the methodology for their implementation on the main FEM simulators is presented.

第五代电信 (5G) 和物联网 (IoT) 等新技术在设备层面提出了一系列苛刻的技术要求，可以通过基于压电材料的设备利用非线性效应提高其性能来达到这些要求。但是，在文献中找不到这些材料的统一非线性效应的物理公式，可以在 FEM 模拟器中轻松实现。因此，在这项工作中，我们使用应力-电荷公式来获得变换定律、高阶张量的独特分量和状态方程，它们统一了实验报告的压电效应的非线性现象，可用于提高设备的性能并扩展基于这些材料的应用范围。