Microplastics (MPs) and other emerging pollutants exist together in the environment and their co-exposure represents a source of increasing concern as MPs have been reported to act as carriers of pollutants due to their high sorption capacity. The ingestion of contaminated MPs by organisms can enhance the desorption of pollutants, increasing their bioavailability and toxicity. This review examines the role of MPs as vectors of environmental emerging contaminants. First, the main tools used to identify and characterise MPs and the analytical methods used for the determination of associated emerging contaminants are discussed. Insightful explanations of the sorption interaction between several groups of emerging pollutants and MPs are provided. MP type (polarity, crystallinity, size) and aging process together with the environmental conditions and pollutant properties (hydrophobicity and dissociated forms) are key factors influencing the sorption process. The literature review showed that polyethylene and polystyrene were the most commonly studied polymers. Antibiotics, perfluoroalkyl compounds and triclosan showed high sorption capacities onto MPs. Finally, the effect of co-exposure to MPs-emerging pollutants and bioaccumulation in aquatic and terrestrial organisms is discussed. The combined exposure may impact the toxic effects in different ways, through synergistic or antagonic interactions. Examples of different scenarios are provided, but in general the research conducted on terrestrial systems is scarce. The results revealed a lack of standardization in laboratory studies and in the testing conditions that reflect actual environmental exposure.

微塑料 (MPs) 和其他新出现的污染物一起存在于环境中，它们的共同暴露是一个日益受到关注的问题，因为据报道，由于 MPs 具有高吸附能力，它们充当污染物的载体。生物体摄入受污染的 MPs 可以增强污染物的解吸，增加其生物利用度和毒性。本综述探讨了 MPs 作为环境新兴污染物载体的作用。首先，讨论了用于识别和表征 MP 的主要工具以及用于确定相关新出现污染物的分析方法。提供了对几组新出现的污染物和 MPs 之间的吸附相互作用的深刻解释。MP型（极性、结晶度、尺寸）和老化过程以及环境条件和污染物特性（疏水性和解离形式）是影响吸附过程的关键因素。文献回顾表明，聚乙烯和聚苯乙烯是最常研究的聚合物。抗生素、全氟烷基化合物和三氯生在 MPs 上表现出高吸附能力。最后，讨论了共同暴露于 MPs 新兴污染物和水生和陆生生物体内积累的影响。联合暴露可能通过协同或拮抗相互作用以不同方式影响毒性作用。提供了不同场景的示例，但总的来说，对地面系统进行的研究很少。