Historiography on environmentalism has been growing significantly for the last two decades and is now considered a separate and consolidated discipline in the context of European studies and global history. Usually, scholars agree that though it was almost absent from any post-World War II European political discourse or electoral manifesto, and not even mentioned in the United Nations Charter, human concerns about the environment changed in the years around 1970, when, according to the environmental historian Joachim Radkau, the ‘age of ecology’ arose.¹ Prompted by a growing public discourse on the perils of the uncontrolled exploitation of nature, whose most significant example was certainly the publication of The Limits to Growth in 1972, a study written by MIT scientists and commissioned by the Club of Rome, this newly conscious attitude towards nature and the environment was described as being characterized by two fundamental features: a slow but progressive politicization of ‘green issues’ and a parallel increasing awareness of their translocal and global connections. It is hardly coincidental that international institutions and associations began to address environmental issues starting from the early 1970s: from the UN Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment in 1972 to the first action programme of the European Communities promoted in 1973. Thanks to some regional and international organizations, such as the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) or the Council of Europe, the environment thus entered the agenda of many Western and European political parties, which reacted by appointing a Minister for the Environment (France and the UK), or by setting out an environmental policy (West Germany in 1971).²

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简介：“绿化”欧洲政治文化

在过去的二十年里，关于环保主义的史学一直在显着增长，现在在欧洲研究和全球历史的背景下被认为是一门独立的综合学科。通常，学者们一致认为，尽管二战后的任何欧洲政治话语或选举宣言中几乎都没有提到这一点，甚至《联合国宪章》也没有提及，但人类对环境的关注在 1970 年左右发生了变化，当时，根据环境历史学家 Joachim Radkau 认为，“生态时代”出现了。¹受到越来越多关于不受控制地利用自然的危险的公开讨论的推动，其中最重要的例子当然是出版了《增长的极限》1972 年，麻省理工学院的科学家在罗马俱乐部的委托下撰写了一项研究，这种对自然和环境的新意识态度被描述为具有两个基本特征：对“绿色问题”的缓慢但渐进的政治化和平行增加意识到他们的跨地域和全球联系。国际机构和协会从 1970 年代初开始着手解决环境问题并非巧合：从 1972 年的联合国斯德哥尔摩人类环境会议到 1973 年推动的欧洲共同体的第一个行动计划。感谢一些地区和国际联合国欧洲经济委员会、经济合作与发展组织 (OECD) 或欧洲委员会等组织，²