Achieving conservation targets for sustainable development has been one of society’s greatest challenges. In this context, environmental conservation approaches such as Systematic Conservation Planning (SCP) and ecosystem services (ES) have become increasingly popular as feasible solutions for the allocation, delimitation, and management of protected areas. These approaches, often used to drive public policies based on payment for environmental services, have highlighted the intrinsic relationships between the paradigms of geography and spatial analysis (SA), as they rely on space-time processes and multidisciplinary concepts for the analysis of the biophysical, social, and economic variables. In this context, this manuscript aimed to outline the relevance of SA as a geographic perspective for the progress of environmental conservation. The arguments were here aligned in the following steps: (i) concepts around protected areas and the factors that impact them; (ii) environmental conservation approaches used to allocate and delimit protected areas, and their respective features, limitations, and related definitions; and (iii) correlations between SA and the use of ES and SCP (paradigms, advances, and contributions). As major findings, it was indicated that the SCP and ES work in a space-time dimension to measure and describe patterns of abstract phenomena using spatial analysis techniques. Moreover, we identified that conceptual mismatches and the absence of a common language to environmental conservation approaches reduces the expressive participation of geography that has its focus on determination the abstract features of observed objects or phenomena. It is important, however, that its paradigms become an essential methodological component in environmental approaches to the quantification and delimitation of the elements and natural processes.

实现可持续发展的保护目标一直是社会面临的最大挑战之一。在此背景下，系统保护规划 (SCP) 和生态系统服务 (ES) 等环境保护方法作为保护区分配、划界和管理的可行解决方案越来越受欢迎。这些方法通常用于推动基于环境服务付费的公共政策，强调了地理和空间分析 (SA) 范式之间的内在关系，因为它们依赖于时空过程和多学科概念来分析生物物理，社会和经济变量。在这种情况下，本手稿旨在概述 SA 作为地理视角对环境保护进展的相关性。这里的论点按以下步骤排列：(i) 保护区的概念和影响它们的因素；(ii) 用于分配和划定保护区的环境保护方法及其各自的特征、限制和相关定义；(iii) SA 与 ES 和 SCP 的使用之间的相关性（范式、进步和贡献）。作为主要发现，表明 SCP 和 ES 在时空维度上工作，以使用空间分析技术测量和描述抽象现象的模式。此外，我们发现，概念上的不匹配和缺乏对环境保护方法的共同语言会降低地理学的表达参与度，而地理学的重点是确定观察到的物体或现象的抽象特征。然而，重要的是，