Locomotion is a universal motor behavior that is expressed as the output of many integrated brain functions. Locomotion is organized at several levels of the nervous system, with brainstem circuits acting as the gate between brain areas regulating innate, emotional, or motivational locomotion and executive spinal circuits. Here we review recent advances on brainstem circuits involved in controlling locomotion. We describe how delineated command circuits govern the start, speed, stop, and steering of locomotion. We also discuss how these pathways interface between executive circuits in the spinal cord and diverse brain areas important for context-specific selection of locomotion. A recurrent theme is the need to establish a functional connectome to and from brainstem command circuits. Finally, we point to unresolved issues concerning the integrated function of locomotor control.

中文翻译：

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脑干运动回路

运动是一种普遍的运动行为，表现为许多综合大脑功能的输出。运动是在神经系统的多个层面上组织的，脑干回路充当调节先天、情绪或动机运动的大脑区域与执行脊髓回路之间的大门。在这里，我们回顾了参与控制运动的脑干回路的最新进展。我们描述了所描绘的命令电路如何控制运动的启动、速度、停止和转向。我们还讨论了这些通路如何在脊髓中的执行回路和对于特定环境的运动选择很重要的不同大脑区域之间进行连接。一个反复出现的主题是需要建立往返于脑干命令电路的功能性连接组。最后，我们指出了有关运动控制集成功能的尚未解决的问题。