Abstract

The results of studies on the use of ozone for the extraction of nonferrous, rare, and noble metals from ores, enrichment concentrates, and technogenic raw materials, identified from world scientific publications and in patent literature since the beginning of the 20th century, are summarized. Ozone is a strong oxidizing agent, the oxidation potential of which is 1.5 times higher than the potential of chlorine in an acidic environment. With the participation of ozone, even resistant metals and minerals are dissolved. The use of ozone for the extraction of metals from mineral raw materials is not accompanied by contamination of processed products and the formation of hazardous waste. A significant number of studies have been presented on the use of ozone to dissolve gold and other noble metals in mineral acids, showing an increase in the extraction of metals into solution. Cyanide and thiocarbamide leaching of gold from mineral raw materials by replacing oxygen with ozone have been studied. The results of vat and heap leaching of nonferrous and noble metals using ozone obtained by irradiation of air or oxygen with ultraviolet light, in particular, using photoelectrochemical treatment, are presented, on the basis of which new technologies are patented. An assessment of the effectiveness of ozone application for flotation enrichment of mineral raw materials, purification and detoxification of solutions and solid products of metallurgical processing, regeneration of other oxidizing agents, and extraction of metals from technological solutions is given. The results of studies on the use of ozone for vat leaching of metals from refractory sulfide ores and sulfide enrichment concentrates in acid solution, as well as the study of the kinetics of oxidation with the participation of ozone of sulfide minerals of copper, iron, zinc, and molybdenum, are summarized. The results of using a combination of ozone with other oxidizing agents—hydrogen peroxide and iron(III) ions—for the extraction of metals from sulfide mineral raw materials in a sulfuric acid solution are presented and analyzed. According to the results of most studies, it can be concluded that the use of ozone is effective for the extraction of metals from mineral raw materials: the technological parameters of the processes increase (extraction of metals into solution, selectivity of the extraction of metals from complex raw materials) and the duration of processing decreases.

中文翻译：

---

从矿物原料中提取金属的臭氧应用效率

摘要

总结了 20 世纪初以来世界科学出版物和专利文献中关于使用臭氧从矿石、浓缩精矿和技术原料中提取有色金属、稀有金属和贵金属的研究结果. 臭氧是一种强氧化剂，在酸性环境中其氧化电位比氯的电位高1.5倍。在臭氧的参与下，即使是耐腐蚀的金属和矿物质也会被溶解。使用臭氧从矿物原料中提取金属不会伴随加工产品的污染和危险废物的形成。关于使用臭氧将金和其他贵金属溶解在无机酸中的大量研究已经提出，表明金属在溶液中的萃取增加。研究了用臭氧代替氧气从矿物原料中浸出金的氰化物和硫脲。介绍了利用紫外光照射空气或氧气，特别是光电化学处理获得的臭氧对有色金属和贵金属进行桶浸和堆浸的结果，并在此基础上申请了新技术专利。对臭氧在矿物原料的浮选富集、冶金加工的溶液和固体产品的净化和解毒、其他氧化剂的再生以及从工艺溶液中提取金属的有效性进行了评估。用臭氧在酸溶液中从难熔硫化矿石和硫化物富集精矿中浸出金属的研究结果，以及铜、铁、锌等硫化矿物在臭氧参与下的氧化动力学研究结果, 和钼, 进行了总结。介绍并分析了使用臭氧与其他氧化剂（过氧化氢和铁 (III) 离子）组合在硫酸溶液中从硫化矿物原料中提取金属的结果。根据大多数研究的结果，可以得出结论，使用臭氧对于从矿物原料中提取金属是有效的：工艺的技术参数增加（将金属提取到溶液中，