As energy consumption increases, adopting an energy transition policy has significantly intensified. The existing literature mainly argues that energy transition’s success entails ‘energy democracy’, which integrates social justice and economic equity with renewable transitions. Even though energy democracy has its merit in ensuring the energy transition, it ignores state capacity, especially in emerging economies where the state actors play a vital role in managing resources. By bringing state capacity into the discussion, this article offers a more comprehensive theoretical and empirical contribution to the current debate on energy transition in emerging economies like Indonesia. A country characterized by fragmented actors and competing interests in every arena of policies and level of governance. Therefore, in emerging economies, energy transition requires a ‘socio-technical capacity’ and ‘community engagement’—as proposed by energy-democracy theory—and the rigorous state’s capacity to make the transitions possible.

中文翻译：

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将国家能力纳入辩论：新兴经济体能源转型的关键

随着能源消费量的增加，能源转型政策的实施明显加强。现有文献主要认为能源转型的成功需要“能源民主”，它将社会正义和经济公平与可再生能源转型相结合。尽管能源民主在确保能源转型方面有其优点，但它忽略了国家能力，尤其是在国家行为者在管理资源方面发挥重要作用的新兴经济体中。通过将国家能力纳入讨论，本文为当前有关印度尼西亚等新兴经济体能源转型的辩论提供了更全面的理论和实证贡献。一个国家的特点是在各个政策领域和治理水平上都存在分散的参与者和相互竞争的利益。因此，在新兴经济体中，