Mushrooms have long been considered as delicacies as well as used as important dietary supplements and food. However, there are major concerns with poisonous mushrooms as these pose threats to public health and safety. In this paper, we provide a review focusing on poisonous mushrooms, their toxins, symptoms and utilizations. In addition, this paper establishes a poisonous mushroom list which includes 643 species from two phyla, 16 orders, 51 families and 148 genera. The toxicity of all these species was verified and 332 species were ranked as P1 signifying that these species have toxic studies and or clinical poisoning case records and 311 species were P2 meaning they had previously been recorded as poisonous in other studies. Furthermore, we discuss advances in technology including how genomic studies could be used as a breakthrough tool in the field of toxic mushrooms. With this comprehensive review, we aim to promote public awareness of poisonous mushrooms, including how to avoid mushroom poisoning, and how to better utilize poisonous mushroom resources.

长期以来，蘑菇一直被视为美味佳肴，并被用作重要的膳食补充剂和食品。然而，人们对有毒蘑菇存在重大担忧，因为它们对公众健康和安全构成威胁。在本文中，我们对有毒蘑菇及其毒素、症状和用途进行了综述。此外，本文还建立了毒蘑菇名录，包括2门16目51科148属643种。所有这些物种的毒性都得到验证，332 个物种被列为 P1，表示这些物种有毒性研究和/或临床中毒病例记录，311 个物种为 P2，意味着它们以前在其他研究中被记录为有毒。此外，我们讨论了技术进步，包括如何将基因组研究用作有毒蘑菇领域的突破性工具。通过这次全面的审查，我们旨在提高公众对毒蘑菇的认识，包括如何避免蘑菇中毒，以及如何更好地利用毒蘑菇资源。